1. Name at least six items around you which come from forests.
Ans. Some items around me which come from forests are paper in books, wood for desks and tables, dyes that colour my cloth, honey, coffee, tea, oil, tannin, etc.
2. What do you mean by deforestation?
Ans. The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation.
3. How scientific forestry was of great importance for British Empire?
Ans. Scientific forestry refers to planting one type of trees in place of variety of trees. This gave boost to plantation industry which generated huge revenue for British empire.
4. How much India’s landmass was under cultivation in -1600?
Ans. One-sixth of India’s landmass was under cultivation in 1600.
5. Which transport system was most essential for colonial trade and movement of goods?
Ans. Railways were most essential for colonial trade and movement of goods.
6. What were the wooden planks laid down across railway tracks to hold tracks in a position called?
Ans. The wooden planks laid down across railway tracks to hold tracks in a position are called sleepers.
7. How many sleepers were required for each mile of railway track?
Ans. Each mile of railway track required between 1760 to 2000 sleepers.
8. Who was the first Inspector-General of forests in India?
Ans. German expert Dietrich Brandis was the first Inspector-General of Forests in India.
9. When was the Indian Forest Service set up?
Ans. The Indian Forest Service was set up in 1864.
10. Which act was passed in 1865?
Ans. Indian Forest Act was passed in 1865.
- Where was the Imperial Forest Research Institute set up in 1906?
Ans. The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up in 1906 in Dehradun.
- Which species of trees are suited for building ships and railways?
Ans. Teak and Sal trees are suited for building ships and railways.
- What is the local name of ‘Madhuca indical’.
Ans. The local name of ‘Madhuca indica ’ is mahua.
Villagers wake up before dawn and go to the forest to collect the mahua flowers which have fallen on the forest floor. It can be eaten or used to make alcohol and its seeds can be used to make oil.
- What was the use of a dried scooped out gourd in some forest areas of India?
Ans. The dried scooped out gourd can be used as a portable water bottle.
- How was Siadi creeper used for?
Ans. Siadi creeper was used to make ropes.
16. From which fruit was oil extracted for cooking and lighting lamps during British colonial rule?
Ans. Oil collected from Mahua tree was used for cooking and lighting lamps.
- In which parts of the world Swidden agriculture is practised?
Ans. This traditional agricultural is practiced in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America.
- What is the local name of shifting cultivation of South-East Asia?
Ans. Lading is the local name of shifting cultivation of South-East Asia.
- What is meant by shifting cultivation?
Ans. Shifting cultivation refers to the process where cultivators cut certain parts of forest in rotation, burn the trees and sow seeds in the ashes, after the first monsoon.
- How many tigers were killed between 1875-1925?
Ans. Over 80000 tigers were killed between 1875-1925.
- From which tree, latex can be collected?
Ans. Latex can be collected from a rubber tree.
- Name any one tribes of India who were recruited to work on tea plantation?
Ans. Santhal is one of the tribe recruited to work on tea plantation.
- Which forest community of Central India sent a petition against stopping of shifting cultivation in 1892?
Ans. Baigas is a forest community of Central India who sent a petition against stopping of shifting cultivation in 1892.
- Where is Bastar located?
Ans. Bastar is located in the Southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Maharashtra.
- Which river flows across Bastar from East to West?
Ans. The river Indrawati flows across Bastar from East to West.
- Name some Indian communities who live in Bastar.
Ans. A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria, Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas.
- In which year did the Bastar rebellion take place?
Ans. In-1910, the Bastar rebellion took place.
- For which product is Java famous?
Ans. Java is famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia.
- Who was the community of skilled forests cutters and shifting cultivators in Java?
Ans. The Kalangs of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators.
- Which country occupied Indonesia during the, Second World War?
Ans. During the Second World War, Japan occupied Indonesia.
- Where the Blandongdiensten System was introduced?
Ans. The Blandongdiensten System was introduced in Java by the colonial Dutch power to control the forest land.
32. Why were railways essential for the Colonial Government?
Ans. Railways were very essential for the colonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops.
33. 1910, mango bough, a lump of Earth, chilies and arrows began circulating between villages of Bastar. What was the reason?
Ans. Mango bough, a lump of Earth, etc began circulating between villagers of Bastar in 1910, because these were messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British.
34. “Hunters and forest dwellers were affected by the forest act in 1927”.Explain.
Ans. After the new Forest Act of 1927, life became very hard for the hunter and forest dwellers across the country. Their everyday practices i.e. cutting of the wood for fuels, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
35. Name the leader of rebel foresters in Andhra Pradesh who is still remembered in folk songs and stories.
Ans. Alluri Sita Rama Raju was the leader of rebel foresters in Andhra Pradesh.
36. Banjara had a distinguished livelihood. Comment.
Ans. Banjaras, a nomadic tribe were engaged in trading of elephants, hides, horns, silk, cocoons, ivory, bamboo, spices, fibre, gums, renins etc. After the coming of the British, the trade was completely regulated by the colonial power.
37. Between 1700 to 1995, how much area of forest cover in the World’s area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuel wood?
Ans. Between 1700 to 1995, 13.9 million sq km area of forest cover in the World’s total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuel wood.
38. Which Forest Act divided forest into three categories, viz reserved, protected and village forests?
Ans. The Forest Act of 1878, divided forests into three categories viz reserved, protected and village forests.