NEET Biology Chapter Wise Mock Test – Evolution
1. Which of the following was probably not present in large amount in the atmosphere at the time of origin of life?
(a) Water
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Oxygen
(d) Carbon dioxide
2. Which organic compounds have first evolved in the direction of origin of life on the earth?
(a) Urea and amino acids
(b) Urea and nucleic acids
(c) Proteins and nucleic acids
(d) Proteins and amino acids
3. Which of the following has replaced methane of the primitive atmosphere as the major carbon-containing compounds of the present-day earth’s atmosphere?
(a) Coal
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Carbon monoxide
(d) Hydrocarbons
4. During the time of ‘origin of life’, the water of primitive ocean has been called ‘hot dilute soup of organic substances’ by
(a) Miller
(b) Oparin
(c) Haldane
(d) Sydney Fox
5. Who was the 17th century scientist to give a recipe for spontaneous generation of mice from dirty, sweat-soaked shirt put in wheat barn in the dark?
(a) von Helmont
(b) Aristotle
(c) William Harvey
(d) Spallanzani
6. Who proved that life on present earth can originate only from pre-existing life?
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Charles Darwin
(c) Boxmann
(d) Weismann
7. Abiogenesis means
(a) spontaneous generation
(b) germplasm theory
(c) origin of panspermia
(d) physicochemical origin of life
8. Theory of spontaneous generation was given by
(a) Reddi
(b) Pasteur
(c) Spallanzani
(d) von Helmont
9. Bacteria that live around deep-sea hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidising inorganic hydrogen sulphide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in the sea water. These bacteria might be described as
(a) photoheterotrophs
(b) chemoautotrophs
(c) photoautotrophs
(d) chemoheterotrophs
10. Pasteur’s experiments and similar ones that followed convinced most people that spontaneous generation of life did not happen because
(a) Pasteur did not boil his flask for a long time
(b) Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks ruled out the objection that spoiled air could have contaminated his ‘ experiments
(c) Pasteur was extremely meticulous
(d) Pasteur used very fine mesh screens to cover his flasks
11. Which one of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from pon-living matter?
(a) Microbes did not appear in stored meat
(b) Larvae could appear in decaying organic matter
(c) Microbes appeared from unsterilised organic matter
(d) Meat was not spoiled, when heated and kept sealed in a vessel
12. Coacervates containing nucleoprotein, surrounded by several nutritive substances and covered by a surface membrane represent
(a) pre-cell
(b) post-cell
(c) microsphere
(d) liposome
13. The concept of chemical evolution is based on
(a) crystallisation of chemicals
(b) interaction of water, air and clay under intense heat
(c) effect of solar radiation on chemicals
(d) possible origin of life bycombination of chemicals under suitable environmental conditions
14. How many years ago abiogenesis occurred?
(a) 3.5 billion years
(b) 3 billion years
(c) 2.5 billion years
(d) 3.2 billion years
15.Under certain conditions, the scientists have obtained cell like structures but no true organisation of a cell, these are referred as
(a) coacervates
(b) microbes
(c) eobionts
(d) protists
16.Coacervates are certain complex inorganic and organic compounds in the hot sea water aggregated in different combinations. Who called them microsphere?
(a) Haldane
(b) Oparin
(c) Sydney Fox
(d) Richter
17.Which of the following is not evidence for the role of endosymbiosis in the origin of eukaryotes?
(a) Chloroplasts have their own DNA
(b) The inner membrane of a chloroplast is similar to prokaryotic membranes
(c) Mitochondria reproduced by binary fission
(d) The DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus codes for some enzymes in mitochondria
18.Synthesis of amino acids to prove that amino acids were formed in primitive ocean was experimentally proved by
(a) Sydeny Fox
(b) Oparin
(c) Haldane
(d) Stanley Miller
19.Which animal provides the evidence for evolution of birds from reptiles?
(a) Dodo
(b) Archaeopteryx
(c) Struthio
(d) Archeornis
20.Organisms living in similar environment and showing similar structure and feeding habits are example of
(a) convergent evolution
(b)homology
(c) analogy
(d)divergent evolution
21.Which era could be called the age of mammals and birds?
(a) Mesozoic
(b) Ccronozoicic
(c) Palaeozoic
(d) Cretaceous
22.Connecting link between ape and man is
(a) Neanderthal man
(b) Cro-magnon man
(c) Australopithecus
(d) Lemur
23.Which of the following is used as an atmospheric pollution indicator?
(a) Lepidoptera
(b) Lichens
(c) Lycopersicon
(d) Lycopodium
24.When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed
(a) divergent evolution
(b) micro evolution
(c) co-evolution
(d) convergent evolution
25.Peripatus is a connecting link between
(a) annelids and helminths
(b) annelids and molluscs
(c) annelids and arthropods
(d) reptiles and mammals
26. The rule of embryonic development is given by
(a) von Baer
(b) Haeckel
(c) Mendel
(d) Darwin
27. Which one of the following is not a vestigial part in human?
(a) Coccyx
(b) Finger nails
(c) Third molar of each side in each jaw
(d) Segmental muscles of abdomen
28. Haeckel’s theory of recapitulation means that
(a) ontogeny repeats phylogeny
(b) all organisms begin their life with a single cell
(c) progeny of an organism resembles its parents
(d) regeneration
29. As per geological time scale, hominids evolved during
(a) Miocene
(b) Pliocene
(c) Pleistocene
(d) Oligocene
30. Study of fossils is called
(a) Organic evolution
(b) Herpetology
(c) Cytology
(d) Palaeontology
31. In the developmental history of mammalian heart, it is Observed that it passes through a two-chambered fish-like heart, three chambered frog-like heart and finally four-chambered stage. To which hypothesis can this above cited statement by approximated
(a) Biogenetic law
(b) Hardy-Weinberg law
(c) Lamarck’s principle
(d) Mendelian principles
32. An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of
(a) homologous and vestigial organs
(b) analogous and vestigial organs
(c) homologous organs only
(d) homologous and analogous organs
33. Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era is characterised by
(a) gymnosperms were dominant plants and first birds appeared
(b) radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal like reptiles
(c) dinosaurs became extinct and angiosperms appeared
(d) flowering plants and first dinosaurs appeared
34. Evolutionary history of an organism is known as
(a) Phylogeny
(b) Ancestory
(c) Palaeontology
(d) Ontogeny
35. The reappearance of an ancestral character in the present day organism is called
(a) vestigial organ
(b) fossil
(e) atavism
(d) Palaeontology
36. Being all mammals, whale, dolphin, bat, monkey and horse have some common characters but they also show conspicuous differences. This is due to the phenomenon of
(a) genetic drift
(b) convergence
(c) divergence
(d) normalisation
37. What kind of evidence suggested that man is more closely related with chimpanzee than with other hominoid apes?
(a) Evidence from DNA extracted from sex chromosomes, autosomes and mitochondria
(b) Evidence from DNA from sex chromosomes only
(c) Comparison of chromosomes morphology only
(d) Evidence from fossil remains and the fossil mitochondrial DNA alone
38. Fossils of an ancient reptile called Lystrosaurus have been found in Africa, India and Antarctica Which of the following best explains this distribution?
(a) They were able to move between continents before the oceans filled
(b) Movement of India due to continental drift carried them from place to place
(c) These areas were once next to each other and have since drifted apart
(d) Changes in climate forced them to migrate from place to place
39. The organism, which possesses characteristics of both plants and animals and, hence, regarded a connecting link between these, is
(a) Amoeba
(b) Entamoeba
(c) Euglena
(d) Paramecium
40. A fossil expert finds an impression of an ancient marine creature called a trilobite in a layer of rock. In the adjacent layer is another species of trilobite, clearly related to the first but quite different in form. If the expert is a gradualist, how might he or she interpret this?
(a) This kind of change is exactly what gradualism would predict
(b) Sympatric speciation must have occurred
(c) Intermediate forms could have existed but were not fossilised
(d) This kind of abrupt transition is rare in the fossil record
41. Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function?
(a) Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba
(b) Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat ‘
(c) Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of.earthworm
(d) Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish
42. What evidence most strongly suggests that an impact by an asteroid or meteorite may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs?
(a) Fossils show that dinosaurs suffered from cold and starvation
(b) Sedimentary rocks contain a layer of mineral uncommon on earth
(c) There have been several near misses in recent years
(d) Fossils indicate that most dinosaurs were looking up when they died
43. Pangaea
(a) was a land mass, that broke up to form the present-day continents
(b) was an animal common in ancient seas but now extinct
(c) is the evolutionary history of a species, family or phylum
(d) is the theory that crustal plates can- move relative to one another
44. The greatest evolutionary change enabling the land vertebrates to be completely free from water, was the development of
(a) four legs
(b) lungs
(c) four-chambered heart
(d) shelled eggs and internal fertilisation
45. The presence of,,gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that
(a) fishes were amphibious in the past
(b) fishes evolved from frog like ancestors
(c) frogs will have gills in future
(d) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors
46. Who stated that ‘Fossils are the animals and plants, which have been^^d rather longer than those which died yesterday’?
(a) von Baer
(b)TH Huxley
(c) Haeckel
(d) Weismann
47. The fossil contents,of faecal pallets preventing from decomposing, later,compressed in sedimentary rocks are known as
(a) trails
(b) casts
(c) coprolite
(d) impressions
48. The phenomenon, in which man interbreeds the genetically different individuals and selects the genetically improved domesticated animals and plants is called
(a) co-evolution
(b) artificial selection
(c) mimicry
(d) natural selection
49.The structures, which are similar in morphology and have similar embryonic development, are called
(a) homologous
(b) analogous
(c) similar
(d) parallel
50.Diversification in plant life appeared
(a) due to long period of evolutionary changes
(b) due to abrupt mutations
(c) suddenly on earth
(d) by seed dispersal
51. During fossilisation, softer parts decompose and harder parts are impregnated with minerals and turn into stony shapes, they are called
(a) molds
(b) petrified
(c) casts
(d) caprolites
52. George Cuvier realised that the history of life is recorded in fossils and believed that the replacement of one species by another is caused by
(a) massive number of mutations
(b) the wrath of God
(c) extinctions due to catastrophs, such as floods
(d) genetic inbreeding
53. The study of human evolution and culture, which deals with fossil, prehistoric and living man is known as
(a) Anthropology
(b) Phylogeny
(c) Karyology
(d) Anthology
54. Drosophifa kept in dark for numerous generations still had normal eyes. This observation
(a) disproves Lamarckian theory of evolution
(b) points to lacunae in Darwinism
(c) is an evidence of germplasm theory
(d) All of the above
55. Select the correct statement from the following
(a) Darwinian variations are small and directionless
(b) Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and gets selected by nature
(c) All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae
(d) Mutations are random and directional
56. The finches of Galapagos islands provide an evidence in favour of
(a) special creation
(b)evalution due to mutation
(c) retrogressive evolution
(d)geographical evolution
57. Analogous organs are
(a) different in origin but similar ip functions
(b) common in origin and functions
(c) common in origin but different in functions
(d) different in origin and functions
58. Lamarck’s theory of evolution is called
(a) theory of special creation
(b) survival of the fittest
(c) inheritance of acquired characters
(d) None of the above
59. Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary period for different groups of organisms,includes
(a) study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils
(b) study of the conditions of fossilisation
(c) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
(d) study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks
60. Theory of continuity of Germplasm’ was propounded by
(a) August Weismann
(b) Gregor Mendel
(c) Lamarck
(d) Darwin
61.In 1953 SL Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence for origin fo first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include
(a) low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen
(b) low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere
(c) high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere
(d) high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc
62. Which one of the following is not a living fossil?
(a) King crab
(b) Sphenodon
(c) Archaeopteryx
(d) Peripatus
63. According to the Neo-Darwinian theory, which of the following is responsible for the origin of new species?
(a) Mutations
(b) Useful variations
(c) Mutations together with natural selection
(d) Hybridisation
64. Variations during mutations of meiotic recombinations are
(a) random and directionless
(b) random and directional
(c) random and small
(d) random, small direction
65. The concept that ‘population tends to increase geometrically, while food supply increases arithmetically was put forward by
(a) Adam Smith
(b) TR Malthus
(c) Stuart Mill
(d) Charles Darwin
66. There are two opposing views about origin of modern man. According to one view Homo erectus in Asia were the ancestors of modern man. A study of variations of DNA however suggested African origin of modern man. What kind of observation on DNA variation could suggest this?
(a) Greater variation in Africa than in Asia
(b) Variation only in Asia and no variation in Africa
(c) Greater variation in Asia than in Africa
(d) Similar variation in Africa and Asia
67. Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin’s concept of natural selection in organic evolution?
(a) Development of transgenic animals
(b) Production of ‘Dolly’ the sheep by cloning
(c) Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects
(d) Development of organs from ‘stem cells’ for organ transplantation
68. Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating of fossils?
(a) Potassium-argon method
(b) Uranium-lead method
(c) Electron-spin resonance method
(d) Radio-carbon method
69. Lake Malawi, in the African Rift Valley, is home to over a hundred species of cichild fishes, each with a slightly different diet and habits. All these fishes probably evolved from one ancestor, an example of
(a) sympatric speciation
(b) hybrid breakdown
(c) adaptive radiation
(d) gradualism
70. A baby has been born with a small tail. It is the case exhibiting
(a) retrogressive evolution
(b) atavism
(c) metamorphosis
(d) mutation
71. Who proposed the concept of intraspecific and interspecific struggle of living organise?
(a) Darwin
(b) Malthas
(c) de Vries
(d) Both (b) and (c)
72. Which type of selection is industrial melanism observed in moth, Bistort bitularia?
(a) Stabilising
(b) Directional
(c) Disruptive
(d) Artificial
73. Mutation theory explaining organic evolution was proposed by
(a) Hugo de Vries
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Darwin
(d) W Harvey
74. Hugo de Vries gave his mutation theory on organic evolution, while working on
(a) Althea rosea
(b) Pisum sativum
(c) Oenothera lamarckiana
(d) Drosophila melanogaster
75. Adaptive radiation refers to
(a) adaptations due to geographical isolation
(b) evolution of different species from a common ancestor
(c) migration of members of a species to different geographical areas
(d) power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of environments
76. The phenomenon of ‘industrial melanism’ demonstrates
(a) natural selection
(b) induced mutation
(c) reproductive isolation
(d) geographical isolation
77. The change of the lighter coloured variety of peppered moth, Bistort betularia, to its darker variety (Carbortaria) is due to
(a) deletion of a segment of genes due to industrial pollution
(b) industrial carbon deposited on the wings of the moth resulting in darker variety
(c) mutation of single Mendelian gene for survival in smoke laden industrial environment
(d) translocation of a block of genes in chromosomes in response to heavy carbons
78. For the MN-blood group system, the frequencies of M and N alleles are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. The expected frequency of MN-blood group bearing organisms is likely to be
(a) 42%
(b) 49%
(c) 9%
(d) 58%
79. One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is
(a) no change in the isolated fauna
(b) preventing speciation
(c) speciation through reproductive isolation
(d) random creation of new species
80. Cro-magnon man was
(a) frugivorous
(b) carnivorous
(c) herbivorous
(d) omnivorous
81. The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is
(a) Australopithecus ->Ramapithecus ->Homo sapiens -> Homo habilis
(b) Homo erectus-> Homo habilis-> Homo sapiens
(c) Ramapithecus->Homo habilis -> Homo erectus -> Homo sapiens
(d) Australopithecus ->Ramapithecus -> Homo erectus->Homo habilis->Homo sapiens
82. Among the human ancestors, the brain size was more than 1000 cc in
(a) Homo neanderthalensis
(b) Homo erectus
(c) Ramapithecus
(d) Homo habilis
83. Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that
(a) the true black melanic forms arise by a recurring random mutation
(b) the melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter form in industrial area
(c) the lighter-form moth has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial area or non-polluted area
(d) melanism is a pollution-generated feature
84. Study of Palaeontology is associated with
(a) primates
(b) birds
(c) fossils
(d) bones
85. Which one of the following amino acids was not found to be synthesised in Miller’s experiment?
(a) Glycine
(b) Aspartic acid
(c) Glutamic acid
(d) Alanine
Direction (Q. Nos. 86-92) In each of the following questions a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason just below it. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
86. Assertion The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes.
Reason The first autotrophic organisms were the chemo-autotrophs that never released oxygen.
87. Assertion Coacervates are believed to be the precursors of life.
Reason Coacervates were sblf-duplicating aggregates of proteins surrounded by lipid molecules.
88. Assertion Human ancestors never used their tails and so the tail expressing gene has disappeared in them.
Reason Lamarck’s theory of evolution is popularly called theory of continuity of germplasm.
89. Assertion Comparative biochemistry provides a strong evidence in favour of common ancestry of living beings.
Reason Genetic code is universal.
90. Assertion Darwin’s finches show a variety of beaks suited for eating large seeds, flying insects and cactus seeds.
Reason Ancestral seed-eating stock of Darwin’s finches radiated out from South American mainland to different geographical areas of the Galapagos Islands, where they found competitor-free new habitats.
91. Assertion Among the primatesates, chimpanzee is the closest relative of the present day humans.
Reason The banding pattern in the autosome numbers 3 and 6 of man and chimpanzee is remarkably similar.
92. Assertion From evolutionary1 point of view, human gestation period is believed to be shortening.
Reason One major evolUtlohafy trend in humans has been the larger head undergoing relatively faster growth rate in the foetal stage.
93. Match the following columns.
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
94. Match the following columns.
Codes
ABC D A B C
(a) T 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 3
(c) 4 5 1 2 (d) 2 5 4
95. Match the following columns.
Codes
ABCD ABCD
(a) 4 1 2 3 (b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 5 4 2 1 (d) 2 1 3 4
96. A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if
(a) individuals mate selectively
(b) there are no mutations
(c) there is no migration
(d) the population is large
97. Industrial melanism is an example of
(a) Neo Darwinism
(b) Natural selection
(c) Mutation
(d) Neo Lamarckism
98. Which one of the following are analogous structures?
(a) Wings of bat and wings of pigeon
(b) Gills of prawn and lungs of man
(c) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(d) Flippers of dolphin and legs of horse
99. Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water?
(a) Eubacteria
(b) Blue-green algae
(c) Saprophytic fungi
(d) Archaebacteria
100. The eye of Octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of
(a) homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(b) analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
(c) analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(d) homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
101. The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called
(a) convergent evolution
(b) non-random evolution
(c) adaptive radiation
(d) natural selection
102. The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by
(a) lack of migration
(b) lack of mutations
(c) lack of random mating
(d) random mating
103. According to Darwin, The organic evolution is due to
(a) interspecific competition
(b) reduced feeding efficiency in one species
(c) competition within closely related spedies’due to the presence of interfering species
(d) intraspecific competition
104. The extinct human who lived 100000-40000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eye brows, retreating fore, heads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped posture was
(a) Homo habilis
(b) Neanderthal man
(c) Cro-magnon man
(d) Ramapithecus
105. Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as
(a) adaptive radiation
(b) natural selection
(c) migration
(d) divergent evolution
106. Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?
107. Coacervates belong to category of
(a) cyanobacteria
(b) Protozoans
(c) molecular aggregates
(d) molecular aggregate surrounded by lipid membrane
108. Origin of life as a result of chemical evolution has been properly explained by or the most logical biochemical theory of origin of life has been given by
(a) Stanley Miller
(b) Darwin
(c) Al Oparin
(d) S Fox
109. Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures?
(a) Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions
(b) Organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing same function
(c) Organs that have no function now, but had important function in ancestors
(d) Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult
110. If Darwin’s theory of pangenesis shows similarity with theory of inheritance of acquired characters then what shall be correct pqcprding to it?
(a) Useful organs/beGome strong and developed, while useless organs become extinct. These organs help in struggle for survival
(b) Size of organs increase with ageing
(c) Development of organs is due to will power
(d) There should be some physical basis of inheritance
Answers: