Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths Standard with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths Standard Set 7 with Solutions
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- This Question Paper has 5 Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
- Section B has 5 questions carrying 2 marks each.
- Section C has 6 questions carrying 3 marks each.
- Section D has 4 questions carrying 5 marks each.
- Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (4 marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
- All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 question of 5 marks, 2question of 3 marks and 2 questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the 2 marks questions of Section E.
- Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π = 22/7 wherever required if not stated.
Section – A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each.
Question 1.
In the given figure, AP, AQ and BC are tangents to the circle. If AB = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 4 cm, then the length of AP (in cm) is:
(a) 7.5
(b) 15
(c) 10
(d) 9
Answer:
(a) 7.5
Explanation: Given, AB = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 4 cm.
Let PB = x cm, CQ = y cm and D be the point where the tangent BC touches the circle.
So, AP = (5 + x) cm and AQ = (6 + y) cm
Also PB = BD = x cm [tangents from B]
and CQ = CD = y cm [tangents from C]
Now, 5 + x = 6 + y [∵ AP = AQ]
x – y = 1 …… (i)
and x + y = 4 [∵ BC = BD + CD = 4] …….. (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x = 5
⇒ x = 2.5
Thus, AP = (5 + x) cm = 7.5 cm
Question 2.
PA and PB are tangents to the circle drawn from an external point P. CD is the third tangent touching the circle at Q. If PB = 12 cm and CQ = 3 cm, then what will be the length of PC?
(a) 8 cm
(b) 9 cm
(c) 10 cm
(d) 7 cm
Answer:
(b) 9 cm
Explanation: Since, PA and PB are tangents to the circle from point P.
Therefore PA = PB ……. (i)
Also, CD is the tangent touching the circle at Q.
Therefore, CA = CQ and DQ = DB ……….. (ii)
Since, tangents from external points are equal.
Now, PA = PB = 12 cm
CA = CQ = 3 cm
∵ PC = PA – CA
= 12 – 3 = 9 cm.
Question 3.
In the figure, P and Q are points on the sides AB and AC of the triangle ABC such that AP = 3.5 cm, PB = 7 cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6 cm. If PQ = 4.5 cm, what is the length of BC?
(a) 13.7 cm
(b) 12.7 cm
(c) 13 cm
(d) 13.5 cm
Answer:
(d) 13.5 cm
Explanation: Given, AP = 3.5 cm, PB = 7 cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6 cm.
We get, \(\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{AB}}=\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{AP}+\mathrm{PB}}=\frac{3.5}{10.5}=\frac{1}{3}, \frac{\mathrm{AQ}}{\mathrm{AC}}\) = \(\frac{\mathrm{AQ}}{\mathrm{AQ}+\mathrm{QC}}=\frac{3}{6+3}=\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)
⇒ \(\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{AB}}=\frac{\mathrm{AQ}}{\mathrm{AC}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
∴ ΔABC ~ ΔAQP [By SS criterion]
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{QP}}{\mathrm{BC}}=\frac{\mathrm{AQ}}{\mathrm{AC}}=\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{AB}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{4.5}{B C}=\frac{3}{9}\) ⇒ [∵ Given PQ = 4.5 cm]
⇒ BC = 4.5 × 3 = 13.5
⇒ BC = 13.5 cm
Question 4.
A pendulum swings through an angle of 30° and describes an arc 6.6 cm in length then the length of pendulum is:
(a) 12.6 cm
(b) 10.6 cm
(c) 5 cm
(d) 10 cm
Answer:
(a) 12.6 cm
Explanation: Let r be the length of pendulum length of arc = 6.6 cm
∠AOB = 30°
Question 5.
An aeroplane at an altitude of 200 m observes the angles of depression of opposite points on the two banks of a river to be 45° and 60°. What is the width of the river?
(a) 317.5 m
(b) 315.5 m
(c) 314.5 m
(d) 314.4
Answer:
(b) 315.5 m
Explanation: Let, the width of river, AB = x m
Height of aeroplane, DC = 200 m
Question 6.
Two pillars of equal height are on either side of a road, which is 100 m wide. The angles of elevation of the top of the pillars are 60° and 30° at a point on the road between the pillars. Find the height of each pillar.
(a) 45.6 m
(b) 43.3 m
(c) 43 m
(d) 44 m
Answer:
(b) 43.3 m
Explanation: Given, AB = CD
AC = 100 m
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AE}}\)
In ΔABE,
⇒ √3 = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AE}}\)
⇒ AB = √3 AE ……….. (i)
In ΔEDC, tan 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{DC}}{\mathrm{EC}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\mathrm{DC}}{\mathrm{EC}}\)
⇒ DC = \(\frac{\mathrm{EC}}{\sqrt{3}}\) ……….. (ii)
Since, AB and DC are equal, from (i) and (ii), we get
√3 AE = \(\frac{\mathrm{EC}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
⇒ 3AE = EC
⇒ 3x = 100 – x [∵ AE = x]
⇒ 4x = 100 [∵ EC = 100x]
⇒ x = 25 m
So, height of pillar, AB = √3 AE
= √3 × 25
= 25 × 1.732
= 43.3 m
Hence, height of each pillar is 43.3 m.
Question 7.
If the mean of the following distribution is 2.6, then the value of y is:
Variable (x) | Frequency |
1 | 4 |
2 | 5 |
3 | y |
4 | 1 |
5 | 2 |
(a) 3
(b) 8
(c) 13
(d) 24
Answer:
(b) 8
Explanation: Mean = 2.6
Mean = \(\frac{\Sigma f x}{\Sigma f}=\frac{28+3 y}{12+y}\) 2.6 = \(\frac{28+3 y}{12+y}\)
⇒ 2.6(12 + y) = 28 + 3y ⇒ 31.2 + 2.6y = 28 + 3y
⇒ o.4y = 3.2 ⇒ y = 8.
Question 8.
A circus tent is in the shape of a cylinder and cone above it. The height of cylindrical part is 4 m and for cone its diameter is 210 m with a slant height of 40 m. What will be the total area of the canvas?
(a) 16,840 m2
(b) 10,550 m2
(c) 15,840 m2
(d) 12,040 m2
Answer:
(c) 15,840 m2
Explanation: Given,
Height of cylinder, H = 4m
Diameter of cylinder = 210 m
Radius of cylinder, r = \(\frac{210}{2}\) = 105 m
Radius of cone, r = 105 m
Slant height of cone, l = 40 m.
Thus,Total canvas required = CSA of cylinder + CSA of cone
= 2πrH + πrl
= πr (2H + l)
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 105 (2 × 4 + 40)
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 105 (8 + 40)
= 22 × 15 × 48
= 15,840 m2
Question 9.
An urn contains 100 lottery tickets numbered from 1 to 100. If a ticket is selected at random, then what is the probability that it is a perfect square?
(a) 0.01
(b) 0.1
(c) 0.11
(d) 0.001
Answer:
(b) 0.1
Explanation: Perfect square = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100
Number of perfect square = 10
Total number of lottery tickets = 100
P(Number of perfect square) = \(\frac{\text { Number of favourable event }}{\text { Total number of event }}\)
= \(\frac{10}{100}\)
= 0.1
Question 10.
A bag contains 12 balls out of which x are black. If 6 more black balls are put in the box the probability of drawing a black ball is now double of what it was before. What is the value of x?
(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3
Explanation: Given, number of balls = 12
Number of black ball = x
More black balls added = 6
Total number of black ball = x + 6
P(black ball) = \(\frac{x}{12}\) ………. (i)
P(When black ball added = \(\frac{x+6}{18}\) ……. (ii)
Now, according to the question, 2(\(\frac{x}{12}\)) = \(\frac{x+6}{18}\)
⇒ \(\frac{x}{6}\) = \(\frac{x+6}{18}\)
⇒ \(\frac{x}{6}\) – \(\frac{x+6}{18}\) = 0
⇒ 2x = 6
⇒ x = 3
Question 11.
The value of cot 45° + (\(\frac{\sec 45^{\circ}}{\sin 45^{\circ}}\)):
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 3
Explanation: We know, cot 45° = 1, sec 45° = √2, sin45°= \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
On putting the values, cot 45° + \(\frac{\sec 45^{\circ}}{\sin 45^{\circ}}\) = 1 + \(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
⇒ = 1 + 2
= 3.
Question 12.
What is curved surface area of a hollow cylinder?
(a) 2πrh
(b) 4πr2
(c) 2πh (r + R)
(d) πrl
Answer:
(c) 2πh (r + R)
Explanation: Curved surface area of hollow cylinder is given by 2πh(r + R)
Where r = inner radius,
R = Outer radius,
h = Height of cylinder
Question 13.
If the root of the equation Ax2 – Bx + C = 0 are -1 and 1, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) A and C are both zero
(b) A and B are both positive
(c) A and C are both negative
(d) A and C are of opposite sign
Answer:
(d) A and C are of opposite sign
Explanation: Ax2 – Bx + C = 0
Since, the given roots are – 1 and 1
Sum of roots = \(-\frac{(-B)}{A}=\frac{B}{A}\) = – 1 + 1 = 0
Product of roots = \(\frac{\mathrm{C}}{\mathrm{A}}\) = 1 × (-1) = – 1
But \(\frac{\mathrm{C}}{\mathrm{A}}\) = -1
⇒ C = -A
Question 14.
What is the probability of getting a number which is neither prime nor composite in single throw of a dice?
(a) \(\frac{1}{5}\)
(b) \(\frac{5}{6}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
(d)\(\frac{3}{5}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
Explanation: Where a dice is throw, total probable class = 6
Favourable outcome = 1
∴ Required probability = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
Question 15.
If one root of the quadratic equation 6x2 – x- k – 0 is \(\frac{2}{3}\), what is the value of k?
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 2
Explanation: Given quadratic equation is 6x2 – x – k = 0.
Put x = \(\frac{2}{3}\) in the given equation
⇒ 6(\(\frac{2}{3}\))2 – (\(\frac{2}{3}\)) – k = 0
⇒ 6 × \(\frac{4}{9}\) – \(\frac{2}{3}\) – k = 0
⇒ \(\frac{8}{3}\) – \(\frac{2}{3}\) – k = 0
⇒ 2 – k = 0
⇒ k = 2
Question 16.
What is the LCM of 2520 and 2268 by prime factorisation ?
(a) 26820
(b) 22680
(c) 26280
(d) 22860
Answer:
(b) 22680
Explanation: We have, 2520 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7
= 23 × 32 × 5 × 7
2268 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7
= 22 × 34 × 7
∴ LCM (2520, 2268) = 23 × 34 × 7 × 5
= 22680.
Question 17.
If a chord of a circle of radius 14 cm makes an angle of 90° at the centre, then the area of major segment is:
(a) 560 cm2
(b) 300 cm2
(c) 160 cm2
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) 560 cm2
Explanation:
Area of sector OABO = \(\frac{\theta}{360^{\circ}}\) × πr2
= \(\frac{90^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}}\) × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 14 × 14
= 154 cm2
Area of circle = πr2
\(\frac{22}{7}\) × 14 × 14
= 616 cm2
Area of right angled ΔABO = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 14 × 14 = 98 cm2
Area of the minor segment of the circle = Area of sector OABO – Area of right angled ΔABO
(154 – 98) = 56 cm2
Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of minor segment
= 616 – 56 = 560 cm2
Question 18.
A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of common base radius 7 cm. If the total height of the toy is 31 cm, then the height of the cone is:
(a) 31 cm
(b) 38 cm
(c) 7 cm
(d) 24 cm
Answer:
(d) 24 cm
Explanation: Radius of sphere = Radius of cone
∴ Height of cone = Total height of toy – Radius of sphere
= (31 – 7)cm = 24 cm.
DIRECTION: In the question number 19 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.
Question 19.
Statement A (Assertion): The area enclosed by a chord and the major arc is major segment. Statement R (Reason): If a circle is divided into three equal arcs, then each is a major arc.
Answer:
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
Explanation: For assertion, the area enclosed by a sector is proportional to the arc length of the sector.
So, A = \(\frac{\mathrm{RL}}{2}\), A = area, R = radius and L = arc length
Hence, the resulting enclosed area is a major segment if it is a major arc.
So assertion is true.
For reason,
We basically denote an arc as a major arc when it is greater than the semicircle and if we divide a circle into 3 arc each of it will be less than a semicircle so it is a minor arc.
Question 20.
Statement A (Assertion): A hemisphere of radius 7 cm is to be painted outside on the surface. The total cost of painting at it ₹5 per cm2 is ₹2300.
Statement R (Reason): The total surface area hemisphere is 3nr2.
Answer:
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.
Explanation: Total surface area of the hemisphere is
πr2 + 2πr2 = 3πr2 = 3 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × 7 × 7
= 462 cm2
Cost of painting = 462 × 5
= ₹ 2310
So, Assertion is false but Reason is true
Section – B
Section B consists of 5 questions of 2 marks each.
Question 21.
Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their LCM is 180. What is the HCF of these numbers?
Solution:
Let first number be 2x and second be 3x
∴ their LCM = 2 × 3 × x
but given LCM = 180
∴ 2 × 3 × x = 180
⇒ x = 30
First number = 2x = 2 × 30 = 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
Second number = 3x = 3 × 30 = 90 = 3 × 3 × 2 × 5
Now, HCF of 60 and 90 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Question 22.
Is 144 a term of the A.P.: 3, 7, 11, …? Justify your answer.
OR
How many integers between 200 and 500 are divisible by 8?
Solution:
Given A.P. is 3, 7, 11, ……..
Let an = 144, a = 3 and d – 7 – 3 = 4
Now, an = 144
⇒ a + (n – 1 )d = 144
⇒ 3 + (n – 1) (4) = 144
⇒ 3 + 4n – 4 = 144
⇒ 4n = 144 + 1
⇒ n = \(\frac{145}{4}\) = 36.25
∵ n is not a natural number i.e., n ∉ N.
∴ Term 144 does not exist in the given arithmetic progression.
OR
Numbers between 200 and 500 divisible by 8 are 208,216, 224, …… 496
We observe that above series is an A.P.
∴ a = 208, d = 8, an = 496
Now, we know that, an = a + (n – 1) d
⇒ 496 = 208 + (n- 1)8
⇒ 288 = (n -1) 8
⇒ n – 1 = 36
⇒ n = 37
So, there are 37 numbers between 200 and 500, which are divisible by 8.
Question 23.
Find the values of x for which the distance between the points A(2, – 3) and B(x, 5) is 10 units.
OR
If the distance between the points (4, k) and (1, 0) is 5, then what can be the possible values of k? Solution:
Given points are A(2, – 3), B(x, 5) and AB = 10 units
Now, AB = 10 units
By distance formula, AB = \(\left|\sqrt{\left(x_2-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-y_1\right)^2}\right|\)
10 = \(\left|\sqrt{(x-2)^2+(5+3)^2}\right|\)
On squaring both sides, we get 100 = (x – 2)2 + 64
⇒ (x – 2)2 = 100 – 64 = 36
Taking square root on both sides, we get
x – 2 = ± 6
⇒ x = 2 ± 6
∴ x = 2 + 6 = 8
and x = 2 – 6 = – 4
Hence, x = 8 and – 4.
OR
Given points are (4, k) and (1, 0), distance is 5 units.
By distance formula,
Distance = \sqrt{\left(x_2-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-y_1\right)^2}\(\)
5 = \(\sqrt{(1-4)^2+(0-k)^2}\)
On squaring both sides,
⇒ 25 = (- 3)2 + k2 = 9 + k2
⇒ k2 = 16
⇒ k = ± \(\) = ± 4
Hence, k = ± 4
Question 24.
If two dices are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that the product of two numbers appearing in the two dice is less than 18.
Solution:
Total number of outcomes = 36
n(S) = 36
∴ Favourable outcomes =
{(1, 1); (1, 2); (1, 3); (1, 4); (1, 5); (1, 6);
(2, 1); (2, 2); (2, 3); (2, 4); (2, 5); (2, 6);
(3,1); (3, 2); (3, 3); (3, 4); (3, 5);
(4, 1); (4, 2); (4, 3); (4, 4);
(5, 1); (5, 2); (5, 3);
(6, 1); (6, 2)}
∴ Number of favourable outcomes, n(E) =26
∴ P(product less than 18) \(\frac{n(\mathrm{E})}{n(\mathrm{~S})}=\frac{26}{36}=\frac{13}{18}\)
Question 25.
A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.
Solution:
We know that, Mean, \(\bar{x}=\frac{\Sigma f_i x_i}{\Sigma f_i}=\frac{499}{40}\)
\(\bar{x}\) = 12.475
∴ Mean number of days a student was absent is 12.475.
Section – C
Section C consists of 6 questions of 3 marks each.
Question 26.
A baker has 444 sweet biscuits and 276 salty biscuits. He wants to stack them in such a way that each stack has the same number and same type of biscuits and they take up the least area of the tray. What is the number of biscuits that can be placed in each stack for this purpose?
Solution:
Number of sweet biscuits in each stack = Number of salty biscuits in each stack
= H.C.F. (444, 276)
∵ 444 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 37
and 276 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 23
∴ H.C.F. (444, 276) = 2 x 2 × 3 = 12
Hence, each stack has 12 sweet and 12 salt biscuits.
Question 27.
Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 5x2 – 4 – 8x and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
Solution:
Given, polynomial is 5x2 – 8x -4
Here, a = 5, b = – 8 and c = – 4
5x2 – 8x – 4 = 5x2 – 10x + 2x – 4 = 5x(x – 2) + 2(x – 2)
= (5x + 2) (x – 2)
∴ x = 2, \(\frac{-2}{5}\)
Therefore, the zero of 5x2 – 8x – 4 are 2 and \(\frac{-2}{5}\)
Now, Sum of zeroes = 2 + (\(\frac{-2}{5}\)) = \(\frac{8}{5}\) = \(\frac{-b}{a}\)
Product of zeroes 2 × (\(\frac{-2}{5}\)) = \(\frac{-4}{5}\) = \(\frac{c}{a}\)
Question 28.
Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 6x2 – 3 – 7x and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
We have,
Product of zeroes = 6x2 – 3 – 7x = 6x2 – 7x – 3
= 6x2 – 9x + 2x – 3
= 3x (2x -3) + 1(2x – 3)
= (2x – 3) (3x + 1)
Zeroes are : 2x – 3 = 0
or 3x + 1 = 0
∴ x = \(\frac{3}{2}\) and x = \(\frac{-1}{a}\)
Verification :
Question 29.
ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and Fare points on non-parallel sides AD and BC respectively such that EF is parallel to AB. Show that AE × FC = BF × ED.
OR
In the given figure, PA, QB and RC are perpendicular to AC such that PA = x, RC = y, QB = z, AB = a and BC = b. Prove that:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}\)
Solution:
Given: ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC || EF
To Prove : AE × FC = BF × ED.
Construction : Join AC which intersect EF at the point G.
Proof: In ΔADC,
EG || DC
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{\mathrm{ED}}=\frac{\mathrm{AG}}{\mathrm{GC}}\) [By basic proportionality theorem] …..(i)
In ΔABC, GF || AB
∴ \(\frac{C F}{B F}=\frac{C G}{A G}\) [By B.P.T.]
or \(\frac{B F}{C F}=\frac{A G}{C G}\) ……. (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
\(\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{\mathrm{ED}}=\frac{\mathrm{BF}}{\mathrm{CF}}\)
AE × CF = BF × ED. Hence proved.
OR
Given : PA, QB and RC are perpendicular to AC.
∴ PA || QB || RC
Thus, in ΔPAC and ΔQBC,
QB || PA and ∠PAC = ∠QBC = 90°
So, ΔQBC ~ ΔPAC
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{QB}}{\mathrm{PA}}=\frac{\mathrm{BC}}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
or \(\frac{z}{x}=\frac{b}{a+b}\) …….. (i)
Similarly, in ΔRAC and ΔQAB, QB || RC and ∠A is common
ΔQAB ~ ΔRAC
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{QB}}{\mathrm{RC}}=\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
or \(\frac{z}{y}=\frac{a}{a+b}\) ………… (ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
\(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}=\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\)
or z(\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)) = \(\frac{a+b}{a+b}\)
or \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}\) Hence Proved.
Question 30.
A jar contains green, white and yellow marbles. The probability of selecting a green marble and white marble randomly from a jar is \(\frac{1}{4}\) and \(\frac{1}{3}\) respectively. If this jar has 10 yellow marbles, what is the total number of marbles in the jar?
Solution:
Let, the number of green marbles = x
Number of white marbles = y
∴ Total number of marbles = x + y + 10
Now, P(selecting a green marble) = \(\frac{x}{x+y+10}\)
But it is given that,
P(green marbles) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ \(\frac{x}{x+y+10}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
⇒ 4x = x + y + 10
⇒ 3x – y = 10 …….. (i)
Similarly, prelecting a white marble) = \(\frac{y}{x+y+10}\)
∴ \(\frac{y}{x+y+10}\) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
⇒ 3y = x + y + 10
2y – x = 10 …… (ii)
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
y = 8 and x = 6
∴ Total no. of marbles = x + y + 10
= 6 + 8 + 10
= 24
Question 31.
A brooch is made with silver wire in the form of a circle with diameter 35 mm. The wire is also used in making 5 diameters which divide the circle into 10 equal sectors as shown in the figure. Based on the following information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the total length of the silver wire required.
(ii) Find the area of each sector of the brooch.
(iii) Find the total cost of silver wire, if cost of silver wire is ₹100 per mm.
OR
Find the area of the segment shown in Fig. if radius of the circle is 21 cm and ∠AOB = 120°. (Use π = \(\frac{22}{7}\))
Solution:
Given: Diameter = 35 mm
∴ Radius (r) = \(\frac{35}{2}\) rnm
(i) Silver wire used to make a brooch = Circumference of circle
= 2πr
= 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × \(\frac{35}{2}\)
= 110 mm.
Wire used in 5 diameters = 5 × 35 mm
= 175 mm
Total wire used = 110 mm + 175 mm
= 285 mm
(ii) Area of circle = πr2
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × \(\frac{35}{2}\) × \(\frac{35}{2}\) mm2
= \(\frac{11 \times 5 \times 35}{2}\) mm2
Area of each sector of brooch = \(\frac{11 \times 5 \times 35}{2} \times \frac{1}{10}\)
= \(\frac{385}{4}\) mm2
(iii) Cost of silver wire = ₹100 × 285
= ₹28500.
OR
Given, radius of the circle = 21 cm and ∠AOB = 120°
Area of the segment AYB = Area of sector AOB – Area of ΔAOB
Area of sector AOB = \(\frac{120^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}}\) × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 21 × 21
= 462 cm2
To find the area of ΔOAB, draw OM ⊥ AB
ΔAMO ≅ ΔBMO (by R.H.S)
∠AOM = ∠BOM = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 120°
= 60°
In ΔOMA, \(\frac{\mathrm{OM}}{\mathrm{OA}}\) = cos 60°
⇒ \(\frac{\mathrm{OM}}{21}=\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ OM = \(\frac{21}{2}\) cm
Also, \(\frac{\mathrm{AM}}{\mathrm{OA}}\) = sin 60°
⇒ AM = 21 × \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
∴ AB = 2 × AM = 21√3
since perpendicular from the centre bisects its chord.
So, Area of ΔOAB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × AB × OM
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 21√3 × \(\frac{21}{2}\)
= \(\frac{441}{4}\)√3 cm2
∴ Area of segment = (462 – \(\frac{441}{4}\)√3) cm2
\(\frac{21}{4}\) (88 – 21√3) cm2
= 271.04 cm2
Section – D
Section D consists of 4 questions of 5 marks each.
Question 32.
(i) Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
(ii) Determine the positive values of ‘k’ for which the equation x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 + 8x + k = 0 will both have real roots.
Solution:
(i) The sequence of positive integers divisible by 6 can be written as :
6, 12, 18, 24, …………
For the given sequence a1 = 6, a2 = 12, a3 = 18
Common difference d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = 6
Hence, the sequence form an AP with the common difference d = 6.
The sum of first n terms, is Sn = \(\frac{n}{2}\) [2a + (n – 1)d]
Here, n = 40, a = 6, d = 6
S40 = \(\frac{40}{2}\)[2 × 6 + (40 – 1)6]
= 20 [12 + 39 × 6] = 20 × 246
= 4920
Thus, the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6 is 4920.
(ii) Given equations are
x2 + kx + 64 = 0 ………. (i)
and x2 + 8x + k = 0 ………… (ii)
Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of equations (i) and (ii) respectively. Then,
D1 = k2 – 4 × 64 = k2 – 256 and D2 = (8)2 – 4k = 64 – 4k
Both the equations will have real roots, if D1 ≥ 0 and D2 ≥ 0
⇒ k2 – 256 ≥ 0 and 64 – 4k ≥ 0
⇒ k2 – 256 ≥ 0 and 64 – 4k ≥ 0
⇒ k ≥ 16 (∵ k > 0) and k ≤ 16
⇒ k = 16
Hence, both the equations will have real roots, when k = 16.
Question 33.
Prove that if a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to third side.
OR
Prove that tangents to a circle from an external point are equal in length.
Solution:
Given : AABC and a line DE intersecting AB at D and AC at E, such that
\(\frac{\mathrm{AD}}{\mathrm{DB}}=\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{\mathrm{EC}}\)
To prove : DE || BC
Construction : Draw DE || BC.
Pj-oof : ∵ DE’ || BC
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect other two sides on distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
OR
Given : PA and PB are tangents to a circle having centre O from an external point P.
To prove : PA = PB.
Construction : Join OA, OB and OP.
Proof : In ΔOAP and ΔOBP,
∠OAP = ∠OBP = 90° [Radius tangent angle]
OA = OB [Radius of the circle]
OP = OP [Common]
∴ ΔOAP ≅ ΔOBP [R.H.S. congruency rule]
⇒ AP = BP [C.P.C.T.] Hence proved.
Question 34.
Two water taps together take 6 hours to fill a tank. If the tap with the larger diameter takes 9 hours lesser than the tap with the smaller diameter, then find the time in which each tap can separately fill the tap.
Solution:
Let the smaller tap fill the tank in x hr and the total capacity of the tank be 1 unit.
Then in 1 hr, it can fill \(\frac{1}{x}\) unit.
So the larger tank takes (x – 9) hours to fill the tank.
Then in 1 hr, it can fill \(\frac{1}{x-9}\) unit.
Together they can fill the tank in 6 hours.
Then in 1 hour, they can fill \(\frac{1}{6}\) unit of the tank.
Thus, \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x-9}=\frac{1}{6}\)
⇒ \(\frac{x-9+x}{x(x-9)}=\frac{1}{6}\)
⇒ \(\frac{2 x-9}{x(x-9)}=\frac{1}{6}\)
⇒ 6(2x – 9) = x(x – 9)
⇒ 12x – 54 = x2 – 9x
⇒ x2 – 9x – 12x + 54 = 0
⇒ x2 – 21x + 54 = 0
⇒ x2 – 18x – 3x + 54
⇒ x(x – 18) – 3(x – 18) = 0
⇒ (x – 18)(x – 3) = 0
⇒ x = 3, 18
As 9 hours less than 3 hours is – 6 which is not possible, so the smaller tap takes 18 hours to fill the tank and the larger tap takes 9 hours to do so.
Question 35.
Prove that:
\(\frac{\tan \theta}{1-\cot \theta}+\frac{\cot \theta}{1-\tan \theta}\) = 1 + sec θ cos θ.
OR
Amit, standing on a horizontal plane, finds a bird flying at a distance of 200 m from him at an
elevation of 30°. Deepak standing on the roof of a 50 m high building, finds the angle of elevation
of the same bird to be 45°. Amit and Deepak are on opposite sides of the bird. Find the distance of
the bird from Deepak.
Solution:
OR
Let Amit be at C point and bird is at A point, such that ∠ACB = 30°. AB is the height of bird from point B on ground and Deepak is at D point, DE is the building of height 50m.
Now, in right ΔABC, we have
sin 30° = \(\frac{P}{H}=\frac{A B}{A C}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{200}\)
⇒ AB = 100 m
In right ΔAFD, we have
sin45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{AD}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{50}{\mathrm{AD}}\) (∵ AB = AF + BF, 100 = AF + 50, AF = 50)
⇒ AD = 50√2 m
Hence, the distance of bird from Deepak is 50√2 m .
Section – E
Question 36.
A student of class X was enjoying evening tea with her friend in the balcony. Her friend Jiya was discussing the concept of arrangement of iron bars used in the construction of her balcony. She told Jiya that frame of iron bars is farmed in a straight line manner. Such a prototype is shown below. Here another diagram is showing arrangement of rods fixed in balcony then answer the following question based on the figure.
(i) If the coordinates of points are C (5, 6) and D (10, 11). Find the distance between points C and D.
(ii) Refer to the point E, U and F. Point U divides the line segment joining the points E (- 4, 3) and F(9, 8) such as \(\frac{\mathrm{EU}}{\mathrm{UF}}=\frac{k}{l}\) . If U lies on the line 3x + y + 2 = 0, find the value of k.
OR
Refer to the points AJ, if the coordinates are A(- 2, – 2) and J (3, – 9) respectively. Find coordinates of U such that AU = \(\frac{3}{4}\) AJ.
(iii) Refer to the point E (-4, 3) and F (9, 8).
Find the coordinates of G, such that \(\)
Solution:
(i) The distance formula for given coordinates C(5, 6) and D(10, 11)
(ii) Given that U divides the line segment joining E(- 4, 3) and F(9, 8) in the ratio k : 1.
Question 37.
A practical application of the trigonometry functions is to find the length that you cannot measure. Very frequently, angles of depression and elevation are used in these type of problems. Angle of depression is the angle measured from the horizon or horizontal line down.
A boy is riding in a hot air bolloon. When he is at the point A, he spotted a car parked in the ground at an angle of depression of 45°. After some time, his balloon rises to some of height and reached at A’. Now for the some point, the angle of depression changes to 60°.
Now, answer the following questions :
(i) What is the value of ∠AQP?
(ii) If the height of air-balloon at point A is ‘h’m from the ground. Find the distance of the point ‘A’ from the parked car? (in terms of h)
(iii) If the balloon rises to a height of 12 m, find the height of the balloon at the initial point i.e., height ‘h’ ?
OR
What is the final height of balloon after a lapse of time at point A?
Solution:
(i) Since, line AX || QP and QA is a transversal.
⇒∠XAQ = ∠AQP = 45° (Alternate pair of angles)
(ii) In ΔAPQ, sin 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{AQ}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{h}{\mathrm{AQ}}\)
⇒ AQ = √2h
(iii) In ΔAPQ,
tan 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{PQ}}\)
⇒ AP = PQ = h ……. (i)
Now, in ΔA’PQ, tan 60° = \(\frac{A^{\prime} P}{P Q}\)
⇒ √3 = \(\frac{(h+12)}{h}\)
⇒ √3h – h = 12
⇒ h = \(\frac{12}{0.73}\) = 16.43 m
OR
As, h = 16.43
Then, A’P = 12 + 16.43
= 28.43 m
Question 38.
Consider a circular field of radius Y m Seema is at some distance from the boundary of the circular field as shown in the figure.
The distance of Seema from the boundary of the field is 25 m. The point at which Seema is standing, a tangent is drawn to the circular field which is of length 35 m.
Now, answer the following questions :
(i) What is the radius of the circular field?
OR
If ∠BCA = 30°, then what is the value of ∠BAC?
(ii) What is the distance of Seema from the centre of the field?
(iii) What is the area of a circle?
Solution:
(i) Since, BC is a tangent to a circle
∴ ∠CBA = 90°
By applying Pythagoras theorem,
In ΔABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(r + 25)2 = r2 + 352
⇒ r2 + 625 + 50r = r2 + 1225
⇒ 50r = 600
⇒ r = 12 cm
OR
Since, ΔABC is a right angled triangle at B. As tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at point of contact
∴ 90° + 30° + ∠BAC = 180°
⇒ ∠BAC = 180° – 120° = 60°
(ii) Distance from the centre = r + 25 = 12 + 25
= 37 m
(iii) πr2 = π × (12)2
= 144π m2