Goa Board Class 9 Solutions for Biology – Tissues (English Medium)
Page No. 69:
Question 1:
What is a tissue?
Solution:
A group of cells common in origin and structure and perform similar function is called a tissue. Example: blood, xylem.
Concept insight: Most popular Exam question from this topic
Question 2:
What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?
Solution:
A multi-cellular organism is made up of many different types of cells. Each cell carries out a specific function. A group of cells that carries out a specific function is called a tissue. Different tissues carry out different functions. This is called division of labour. A tissue gives the highest possible efficiency of function in multi-cellular organisms.
Concept insight: Different tissues carry out different types of functions, hence they show division of labour.
Page No. 74:
Question 1:
Name types of simple tissues.
Solution:
Simple tissues are of three types:
i. Parenchyma
ii. Collenchyma
iii. Sclerenchyma
Concept insight: Simple tissues are made up of only one type of cells. Remember the chart for tissues and its types.
Question 2:
Where is apical meristem found?
Solution:
Apical meristem is found at the growing tips of stems and roots. It helps in increasing the length of stem and root.
Concept insight: Remember the types of meristem and their location and function. Do not get confused between them.
Question 3:
Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
Solution:
The husk of coconut is made up of sclerenchymatous tissue.
Concept insight: Suggested Exam type question.
Question 4:
What are the constituents of phloem?
Solution:
Phloem is made up four types of elements. They are:
(i) Sieve tubes
(ii) Companion cells
(iii) Phloem parenchyma
(iv) Phloem fibres.
Concept insight: Remember all the components of phloem tissue and do not get confused with xylem components.
Page No. 78:
Question 1:
Name the tissue responsible for the movement in our body.
Solution:
Muscular tissue helps in the movement of our body.
Concept insight: Suggested Exam types question.
Question 2:
What does a neuron look like?
Solution:
A neuron or a nerve cell consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm. It is also called as cyton. Many long thin hair-like cytoplasmic extensions arise from the cell body called as dendrites. A single long extension is called the axon.
Concept insight: Structure of nerve cell or neuron should be clear along with labels and description.
Question 3:
Give three features of cardiac muscles.
Solution:
Features of cardiac muscles:
i. Cardiac muscles show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.
ii. They are cylindrical, branched and uninucleated.
iii. Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
Concept insight: Do not get confused between different types of connective tissues. Remember the structure, location and functions of various types of connective tissue.
Question 4:
What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Solution:
Areolar tissues are found between the skin and muscle as well as around the blood vessels. This tissue fills the gap between the organs and protects the internal organs. It also repairs the damaged tissues.
Concept insight: Do not get confused between different types of connective tissues. Remember the structure, location and functions of various types of connective tissues.
Page No. 79:
Question 1:
Define the term “tissue”.
Solution:
A group of cells common in origin and structure and performs similar function is called a tissue. Example: blood, xylem.
Concept insight: Most popular exam question from this topic.
Question 2:
How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
Solution:
Four types of elements together make up xylem tissue. These are:
(i) Tracheids (ii) Vessels (iii) Xylem parenchyma (iv) Xylem fibres.
Concept insight: Students generally get confused between xylem and phloem components. Remember all the elements of xylem and phloem tissues.
Question 3:
How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
Solution:
Differences between simple and complex plant tissues-
Simple tissues | Complex tissues |
1.Simple tissues are made up of only one type of cells. 2.All cells have same origin and are similar in structure. 3.Example-Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. |
1.Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. 2.The cells of complex tissues have different origin as well as structure. 3.Example-Xylem and phloem. |
Concept insight:
- Differences should always be written in tabular form.
- Differences should be written in terms of their significance.
- Write only those many numbers of differences as stated in the question.
- Give example wherever possible.
Question 4:
Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
Solution:
Parenchyma | Collenchyma | Sclerenchyma |
i. Cells of prenchyma tissues are unspecialised with thin cell walls. ii. It is made up of cellulose. |
i. Cells of collenchyma tissues are elongated and irregularly thicknend at the corners. ii. It has deposition of pectin at corner. |
i. Cells of sclerenchyma are dead and have thick cell wall.
ii. The cell walls have deposition of lignin. |
Concept insight:
- Differences should always be written in tabular form.
- Differences should be written in terms of their significance.
- Write only those many numbers of differences as stated in the question.
- Give example wherever possible.
Question 5:
What are the functions of stomata?
Solution:
The two main functions of stomata are:
- Exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
- Loss of water during transpiration.
Concept insight: Most popular Exam question from this topic.
Question 6:
Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Solution:
(a) Striated Muscle
(b) Smooth Muscle
(c) Cardiac Muscle
Concept insight:
- Recall the differences in the diagram of the types of muscular tissues.
- Diagram should be neat and correctly drawn.
- Label the parts according to their significance.
Question 7:
What is the specific function of cardiac muscle?
Solution:
The specific function of cardiac muscle is to contract and relax rhythmically throughout the life.
Concept insight: Most popular Exam question from this topic.
Question 8:
Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
Solution:
Stariated muscle | Unstriated muscle | Cardiac muscle |
Structure: 1. The fibres or cells are long and cylindrical with multiple nuclei present at the periphery. 2. The fibres or cells are unbranched. 3. Striations with light and dark band are present. Location: They are present in hand, feet and other skeletal muscles. |
Structure: 1. The cells are long, narrow, and spindle-shaped and uninucleate. 2. The fibres or cells are unbranched. 3. Strations are absent. Location: They are present in walls of stomach, intestine, ureter and bronchi. |
Structure: 1. The cells are shorts, cylindrical and unincleate. 2. The cells are branched. 3.Striations are present but not very distinct. Location: They are present in the heart. |
Concept insight:
- Differences should always be written in tabular form.
- Differences should be written in terms of their significance.
- Write only those many numbers of differences as stated in the question.
- Give example wherever possible.
Question 9:
Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.
Solution:
Concept insight:
- Diagram should be neat and correctly drawn.
- Label the parts according to significance.
Question 10:
Name the following:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Solution:
(a) Squamous epithelium
(b) Tendon
(c) Phloem
(d) Adipose tissue
(e) Blood
(f) Nervous tissue
Concept insight: Remember the various types of animal tissues, their location and function.
Question 11:
Identify the types of tissue in the following:
Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Solution:
(i) Skin – Stratified squamous epithelium
(ii) Bark of tree – Cork or secondary epidermis
(iii) Bone – Connective tissue
(iv) Lining of kindey tubule – Cuboidal epithelium
(v) Vascular bundle – Conductive tissues (xylem and phloem)
Concept insight: Student should remember the various types of plant and animal tissues, their location and function.
Question 12:
Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Solution:
The cells of parenchyma are living cells and are usually loosely packed. This tissue is mainly found in all soft parts of the plant such as roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc. It is also found in the ground tissue of petioles, mesophyll of leaves as well as in vascular bundles.
Concept insight: Remember the structure, location and function of parenchyma tissue. Students generally get confused with parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.
Question 13:
What is the role of epidermis in plants?
Solution:
Role of epidermis in plants:
i. Protection of the underlying cells and tissues.
ii. Prevention of water loss.
iii. Prevention of mechanical injury and attack by parasitic fungi.
iv. Exchange of gases and transpiration through stomata.
Concept insight: Important from Exam point of view.
Question 14:
How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Solution:
Several layers of epidermal cells constitute the cork. These cells are dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They also possess a chemical called suberin in their walls which makes them impervious to water and gases.
Concept insight: Students get confused between bark and cork. Cork is formed from the bark of oak tree.
Question 15:
Complete the table:
Solution:
Concept insight: A child should remember the chart for the classification of plant tissues.