NCERT Class 9 Science Lab Manual – Animal Kingdom

NCERT Class 9 Science Lab Manual – Animal Kingdom

EXPERIMENT

Aim
To observe and draw the given specimens—earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird. For each specimen record

1. One specific feature of its phylum
2. One adaptive feature with reference to its habitat.

Theory

1. Animal Kingdom: These are the organisms which are eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic.
   The cells do not have cell wall and most of them are mobile.
2. Classification of animals: It is based on the type of the body design and its differentiation.
3. Adaptations: Animals for their survival bring changes in the body design/structure, these changes are called adaptations.
4. Habitat: The place, climatic conditions which can provide food, shelter suited for its survival.
   Animal Kingdom is classified into non-chordata and chordata.

Non-chordata are invertebrates. It has eight phyla (important ones) mentioned below.

1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4.  Aschelminthes
5.  Annelida
6.   Arthropoda
7.  Mollusca
8.  Echinodermata

Choradates . These are further classified as Protochorda and Vertebrata
Vertebrates have five classes as mentioned

1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia
   

Animal Kingdom
Non-chordates

1. Porifera .Pores on body (e.g., sponge) sessile.
2. Coelentrata. Stinging cells, e.g., Jelly fish, Hydra
3. Platyheminthes. Flat worms e.g., liverfluke, tapeworm
4. Nematoda. Roundworms e.g., Ascaris
5. Annelida. Segmented worms e.g., Leech, Earthworm
6. Mollusa. Soft bodies in shells, e.g., Mollusca, snails
7. Arthropoda. Jointed legs e.g., spider, cockroach
8. Echinodermata. Spiny skinned e.g., starfish, sea- urchin

Materials Required
Preserved specimen of earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird.

Procedure

1. Observe the given specimens carefully.
2. Record the characteristics.
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram.
4. Note one adaptive feature and one specific feature of each animal and write its phylum.

1. Earthworm
It is a worm with segments all over its body hence Phylum: Annelida

Features of Phylum (Specific):

1. Body is segmented, segments are called metameres.
2. Skin is moist.
3. Chitinous setae, bristles, body wall muscles helps in locomotion.
4. After 13th segment clitellum seen in earthworm (14-16 segment).

Adaptive Features

1. Earthworm lives in soil by making burrows in it. The cylindrical body helps in pushing the body into the soil.
2. It feeds on soil, the anterior end has prostomium which sense the soil and helps it to eat the soil and convert it into fertile soil hence called farmer’s friend.
3. Skin is alw ays kept moist with the help of mucus glands, so soil does not stick to the body and helps the worm to breathe through the skin.
4. During rainy season the worms come out as burrows are filled with water. This is the mating time of worms.
5. It is hermaphrodite, both male and female genital pores are seen.
6. The segments on the body are called setae.
7. The brown colours helps it to camouflage with soil and protect from enemies.
   

2. Cockroach
It has joint appendages, (legs) hence the phylum it belongs to is Arthropoda. The phylum with largest group of animals.

Features of Phylum (Specific):

1. It possesses jointed legs.
2. The exoskeleton is made up of chitin.
3. They have compound eyes with mosaic vision.
4. The body is bilaterally symmetrical.
5. It is divided into three parts; head, thorax and abdomen.

Adaptive Features

1. The body is covered with thick cuticle and gives protection against enemies.
2. For locomotion, each body segment bears a pair of joint appendages (legs).
3. The holes (spiracles) present on the ventral side of thorax and abdomen helps in respiration.
4. It has movable antennae for sensing odour.
5. The head has compound eyes for vision.

Male cockroach differs from female cockroach

3. Bony Fish

1. It possesses a vertebral column and belongs to
2. Phylum: Chordata
3. Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
4. Class: Osteischthyes – bony fish, body is spindle shape, covered with scales and respiration by gills.

Features of Phylum

1. Mouth is terminal, body is spindle shaped, strong vertebral column.
2. It has bony endoskeleton.
3. Gills covered by an operculum for respiration.
4. Air-bladder present which helps in giving buoyancy and float/swim in water.
5. Dorsal and pelvic fins help in balancing and movement in water and change directions.

Adaptive Features

1. The body is streamlined which helps in swimming.
2. Fins are present (dorsal, pelvic, pectoral, and tail fins) for locomotion, balancing, and changing directions.
3. Body is covered with scales to protect against water decay.
4. Gills covered by operculum for respiration.
   
   

4. Bird

1. It has vertebral column and has aerial habitat.
2. Phylum: Chordata
3. Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
4. Class: Aves

Features of Phylum and Class Aves

1. Birds have vertebral column.
2. Air cavities present in bones to make them light and give buoyancy
3. Body is steamlined, provides minimum resistance to air and helps in flying.
4. Fore-limbs modified into wings and mouth into beak.
5. The body is covered with feathers, provides insulation and keeps body warm.
6. Breathing through nostrils.

Adaptive Features

1. Streamline body helps in flying.
2. Long and hollow bones provides buoyancy.
3. Feathers provide insulation, maintain body temperature for warm-blooded birds.
4. Wings help in flying.
   

VIVA VOCE

Question 1:
In which body segment of an earthworm is the clitellum formed?
Answer:
The clitellum is found in 14-16 segment.

Question 2:
What is the meaning of Arthropoda?
Answer:
Arth means joints and Poda means feet.

Question 3:
Name the sensory organ in cockroach.
Answer:
Antenna.

Question 4:
What is Operculum?
Answer:
The skin layer covering the gills in fish is called operculum.

Question 5:
Name the smallest bird in the world.
Answer:
Humming bird.

Question 6:
What is ornithology?
Answer:
The study of birds is called ornithology.

Question 7:
Give two examples of bony fish.
Answer:
Labeo, Catla.

PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS 

Question 1:
Name the Phyla of Earthworm, Cockroach, Bony Fish and Bird.
Answer:

Question 2:
Give one distinguishing feature of Male and Female cockroach.
Answer:
Male cockroach possesses anal style whereas female cockroach does not possess it.

Question 3:
Why are fish called cold-blooded animals?
Answer:
The body temperature of fish changes with the external temperature.

Question 4:
Birds are warm blooded, how do they maintain their body temperature?
Answer:
Birds have feathers on their body to provide insulation and maintain body temperature.

Question 5:
Name the respiratory organ in cockroach and earthworm.
Answer:
Cockroach – spiracles Earthworm – skin.

Question 6:
Why don’t cockroaches have blood in their body?
Answer:
The breathing is through small openings called spiracles and through tracheae the oxygen reaches each and every cell.

Question 7:
What do you mean by oviparous?
Answer:
Egg laying organism (Birds) are called oviparous.

Question 8:
Name two hermaphrodite of India.
Answer:
Hermaphrodite: Animals with both the sexes present in it. For example, Earthworm, Snail.

Question 9:
What gives buoyancy to bony fish?
Answer:
The air bladder helps in providing buoyancy to bony fishes.

Question 10:
Give one difference between cartilaginous fish and bony fish.
Answer:
In cartilaginous fish mouth is ventral and in bony fish mouth is dorsal.

Question 11:
What type of eyes do cockroach have?
Answer:
It has compound eyes that gives mosaic vision.

Question 12:
What is cutaneous respiration?
Answer:
Respiration through skin is called cutaneous respiration e.g. in Earthworm. –

Question 13:
How do cold blooded animals protect themselves from extreme temperatures?
Answer:
In extreme climatic conditions all cold blooded animals hide/burrow themselves under soil/earth and goes for long sleep.
Summer sleep is aestivation and Winter sleep is hibernation.

NCERT LAB MANUAL QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Name the phyla to which earthworm, cockroach, bony fish, and bird belong.
Answer:
The phyla of the above mentioned animals are:
(i) Earthworm : Annelida
(ii) Cockroach : Arthropoda
(ii) Bony Fish : Chrodata
(iv) Bird : Chordata

Question 2:
What is an adaptation?
Answer:
The changes brought by a living organism to survive in the given habitat is called adaptation.

Question 3:
In which body segments of an earthworm is the clitellum found?
Answer:
The earthworm shows clitellum in 14-16 segment.

Question 4:
How does a cockroach adapt itself to a wide range of habitats?
Answer:
Cockroach has the hardened exoskeleton that serves many functions, including protection from water loss and physical injury and internally for muscle attachment, which results in tremendous leverage and strength. It also undergoes hibernation during unfavourable conditions.

Question 5:
Mention two adaptive characters of a bony fish besides the possession of a streamlined body and air bladder.
Answer:
Bony fish are jawed fish which have skeletons that are made of bone. It use its dorsal fin (or tins), its pelvic fins and its anal fin to maintain stability. There is only one gill opening on each side of a bony fish’s body. Each gill opening is covered by a hard flap of bone that is known as an operculum.

Question 6:
Feathers are an adaptive feature of birds. How are they helpful to them?
Answer:
Feathers help in flying and keeping body warm (insulating).

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
Questions based on Procedural and Manipulative Skills

Question 1:
The Phylum of segmented worms is
(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Annelida
(c) Nematodes
(d) Arthropoda.

Question 2:
The animals with joint appendages belong to phylum
(a) Annelida
(b) Nematodes
(c) Porifera
(d) Arthropoda.

Question 3:
The largest group of animals are present in
(a) arthropoda
(b) pisces
(c) aves
(d) reptile.

Question 4:
Cockroach is
(a) herbivore
(b) carnivore
(c) omnivore
(d) parasite.

Question 5:
The study of insects is called
(a) entomology
(b) ornithology
(c) ichthyology
(d) mycology.

Question 6:
The study of fish is called
(a) entomology
(b) ornithology
(c) ichthyology
(d) mycology.

Question 7:
The study of birds is called
(a) entomology
(b) ornithology
(c) ichthyology
(d) mycology.

Question 8:
The bony fish belongs to Phylum
(a) Aves
(b) Pisces
(c) Annelids
(d) Chordates.

Question 9:
Which of the following is oviparous animal?
(a) Mammals
(b) Birds
(c) Whale
(d) None of these.

Question 10:
Earthworm mainly feeds on:
(a) soil
(b) soil rich in humus
(c) microbes
(d) plant wastes

Questions based on Observational Skills

Question 11:
If I want to see spiracles the specimen I should look for is
(a) Fish
(b) Earthworm
(c) Cockroach
(d) Bird.

Question 12:
The number of antennae present in cockroach is
(a) one pair
(b) two pairs
(c) three pairs
(d) none of these.

Question 13:
The gills of bony fish is covered with
(a) fins
(b) spiracle
(c) scales
(d) operculum.

Question 14:
A student made a diagram of posterior end of cockroach studied in the lab. The cockroach he studied is

(a) Male cockroach
(b) Female cockroach
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these.

Question 15:
A cockroach is labelled correctly in the diagram as:

Question 16:
In the diagram of the earthworm shown, the position of the mouth is indicated by

(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV

Question 17:
In the given figure of the earthworm, the horizontal lines through the body represent

(a) cells of the body
(b) cell walls separating the cells of the body
(c) vertically arranged muscles of the body
(d) septa separating segments of the body

Question 18:
The correct observations made by a student for cartilaginous fish is
(a) mouth-ventral, operculum-absent
(b) mouth-terminal, operculum-absent
(c) mouth-ventral, operculum-present
(d) mouth-terminal, operculum-present.

Question 19:
The wrong observation made for bony fish is
(a) ventral mouth
(b) Air bladder present
(c) operculum present
(d) endoskeleton-bony.

Question 20:
The adaptive features of streamlined body is seen in
(a) fish
(b) bird
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these.

Question 21:
Clitellium of earthworm is formed due to the segments
(a) 14-16
(b) 13-15
(c) 16-20
(d) 15-18

Question 22:
The number of legs present in cockroach are
(a) 4 pairs
(b) 3 pairs
(c) 2 pairs
(d) 6 pairs

Question 23:
Due to which feature earthworm belongs to phylum Annelida.
(a) elongated body
(b) worm like body
(c) segmented body
(d) joint body

Question 24:
The structure present in male cockroach but absent in female cockroach is
(a) Brood porch
(b) Compound eye
(c) Anal style
(d) Anal Cerci

Question 25:
The body of cockroach is divided into:
(a) head, appendages, thorax
(b) head, thorax, abdomen
(c) head, thorax, tail
(d) head, abdomen, tail

Question 26:
A specimen of Cockroach had the part shown in the figure.

This part belongs to
(a) Male cockroach
(b) Female cockroach
(c) Male Earthworm
(d) Female Earthworm

Question 27:
The number of segments in the body of earthworm (approx.) are
(a) 20-30
(b) 50-60
(c) 100-150
(d) 80-100

Question 28:
In the body of earthworm you will find setae on:
(a) First 10 segments
(b) Clitelliar segments
(c) last 10 segments
(d) All over the body

Question 29:
The mouth in cartilaginous fish is
(a) dorsal
(b) terminal
(c) ventral
(d) can’t say

Question 30:
The operculum in cartilaginous fish is
(a) dorsal
(b) ventral
(c) terminal
(d) absent

Question 31:
The fish in which you can find operculum is
(.a) cartilaginous fish
(b) bony fish
(c) both (a) & (b)
(d) none of these

Question 32:
In bony fish the part that covers gills is called
(a) fins
(b) Clitellum
(c) operculum
(d) pectoral fin

Question 33:
The characteristic seen in bony fish is
(a) Skeleton is bony
(b) Mouth is terminal
(c) body is spindle shaped
(d) all of the above

Question 34:
The number of parts in which the body of a cockroach is seen to be divided is
(a) six
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four

Question 35:
The number of legs in cockroach is:
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 4 pairs
(d) 6 pairs

Question 36:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an Earthworm?
(a) Unisexual
(b) Hermaphrodite
(c) Locomotion by scale
(d) segmented body

Question 37:
Two pictures of animals A & B are shown below. Which characteristic features of their bodies are specific features of their respective phyla?

(a) Antennae of A and segments of B
(b) Three pairs of legs of A and scales of B
(c) Jointed appendages of A and metamerically segmented body of B
(d) Wings of A and slender body of B

Questions based on Reporting and Interpretation Skills

Question 38:
A student identified a specimen with rings all over its body, round shaped worm, locomotion was by contraction and relaxation of muscles, the animals belong to Phylum
(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Chordata
(c) Annelida
(d) Nematodes.

Question 39:
The correct label for ‘A’ in the given earthworm is

(a) setae
(b) annuli
(c) thorax
(d) clitellium

Question 40:
Earthworm shows its respiration by
(a) pulmonary
(b) gills
(c) clitellium
(d) cutaneous

Question 41:
A child describes the specimen as Abdomen is long and narrow, 7th segment covers 8th. Anal style present. The specimen is of.
(a) Male Cockroach
(b) Female Cockroach
(c) Male Earthworm
(d) Female Earthwarm

Question 42:
A student describes the specimen as: Abdomen is short and broad, 7th segment covers 8th & 9th segments. Anal Style absent. The specimen is of
(a) Male Cockroach
(b) Female Cockroach
(c) Male Earthworm
(d) Female Earthwarm

Question 43:
One of the following characteristic is not common to bony fish and pigeon, that is
(a) streamlined body
(b) oviparous
(c) vertebral column
(d) warm blooded

Question 44:
The specimen with two chambered heart is:-
(a) Frog
(b) Pigeon
(c) Lizard
(d) Fish

Question 45:
Which of the following belong to class pisces?
(a) Star fish
(b) Jelly fish
(c) Cuttle fish
(d) Bony fish

Question 46:
Which of the following is not an aerial adaptation?
(a) Presence of feathers
(b) Forelimbs modified into wings
(c) Presence of gills
(d) Hollow bones

Question 47:
Earthworm is
(a) bisexual with self-fertilization
(b) bisexual with cross-fertilization
(c) unisexeual with cross-fertilization
(d) none of the above.

Question 48:
The structure associated with earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and birds are given below in a series. Choose the correct series.
(a) Pneumatic bones, gills, chitinous plates, metamers
(b) Gills, metameres, chitinous plates, pneumatic bones
(c) Metameres, gills, chitinous plates, pneumatic bones
(d) Metameres, chitinous plates, gills, pneumatic bones

Question 48:
The structure associated with earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and birds are given below in a series. Choose the correct series.
(a) Pneumatic bones, gills, chitinous plates, metamers
(b) Gills, metameres, chitinous plates, pneumatic bones
(c) Metameres, gills, chitinous plates, pneumatic bones
(d) Metameres, chitinous plates, gills, pneumatic bones

Question 49:

(a) Antennae of A and segments of B.
(b) Three pairs of legs of A and scales of B.
(c) Jointed appendages of A and metamerically segmented body of B.
(d) Wings of A and selender body of B.

SCORING KEY WITH EXPLANATION

1. (b) Annelida means little ring, worms with segments/rings.
2. (d) Arthropoda means joint appendages.
3. (a) Arthropoda has the large number of animals in its phylum.
4. (c) Cockroach can feed on any thing like biomass, dead wood, sewage; etc.
5. (a) Entomology is study of insects.
6. (c) Ichthyology is the study of fish.
7. (b) Ornithology is study of bird.
8. (d) Bony fish are chordates because it has backbone/ vertebrates.
9. (b) Oviparous animals lay eggs, birds lay eggs.
10. (b) Earthworm feeds on soil rich in humus.
11. (c) Spiracles are openings on the surface of some animals used for exchange of gases in respiration. It is seen in cockroach.
12. (a) Cockroach has one pair of antennae which are sensory appendages.
13. (d) Operculum is a structure/flap that covers the gills in fish.
14. (a) Male cockroach has anal cerci and anal style on its posterior end.
15. (a) The correct labelling of various parts of cockroach is shown.
16. (d) The end of earthworm near the clitellium is mouth.
17. (d) Septa divides the body into different segments.
18. (a) In cartilagenous fish mouth is ventral and operculum is absent.
19. (a) In bony fish mouth is dorsal.
20. (c) Both fish and bird have streamlined body which helps them to overcome the resistance of fluids.
21. (a) Segment 14-16 join together to form clitellium.
22. (b) Cockroach has 3 pairs of legs.
23. (c) Annelida means little ring, worms with segments/rings.
24. (c) Anal style is present only in male cockroach.
25. (b) Body of cockroach is divided into 3 main parts called, head, thorax and abdomen.
26. (b) Female cockroach has only anal cerci on its posterior end anal style is absent.
27. (c) The number of segments in earthworm vary but approximately it is considered as 100-150.
28. (d) Setae are present all over the body of earthworm.
29. (c) In cartilaginous fish mouth is ventral.
30. (d) In cartilaginous fish mouth is ventral and operculum is absent.
31. (b) Bony fish has operculum.
32. (c) Operculum is a structure/flap that covers the gills in fish.
33. (d) These are the features of bony fish.
34. (c) Body of cockroach is divided into 3 main parts called head, thorax and abdomen.
35. (b) Cockroach has 3 pairs of legs i.e. 6 legs.
36. (a) Earthworms are not unisexual.
37. (c) Joint appendages are seen in insects like butterfly and segments on the body are seen on earthworm.
38. (c) Annelida means little ring, worms with segments/rings.
39. (d) Clitellium 14-16th segment.
40. (d) Earthworm breathes through moist skin called cutaneous.
41. (a) Anal style is present only in male cockroach.
42. (b) In female cockroach the anal style is absent.
43. (d) Bony fish is cold blooded.
44. (d) Fish has heart with two chambers.
45. (d) Bony fish is pisces with vertebrate, jelly fish, star fish and cuttle fish do not have vertebrates.
46. (c) Aerial animals do not have gills.
47. (b) Earthworm has both the sexes in it.
48. (d) Metameres (body segmentsj-earthworm, chitinousplates-cockroach, gills—fish, pneumatic bones- birds.
49. (c) Typical characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda &Annelida.

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