NCERT Class 10 Science Lab Manual – Appendices
Appendix A | |||
Density of Water at Different Temperatures | |||
Temperature in °C | Density in kg/m3 | Temperature in °C | Density in kg/m3 |
-30 | 983.854 | -25 | 989.585 |
-20 | 993.457 | – 15 | 996.283 |
-10 | 998.117 | -8 | 998.647 |
-4 | 999.414 | -2 | 999.762 |
0 | 999.840 | 2 | 999.940 |
4 | 999.972 | 6 | 999.940 |
8 | 999.848 | 10 | 999.700 |
12 | 999.497 | 14 | 999.244 |
16 | 998.943 | 20 | 998.204 |
24 | 997.297 | 28 | 996.234 |
32 | 995.026 | 36 | 993.684 |
40 | 992.216 | 44 | 990.628 |
48 | 988.927 | 50 | 988.036 |
55 | 985.695 | 60 | 983.199 |
65 | 980.555 | 70 | 977.770 |
75 | 974.899 | 80 | 971.798 |
85 | 968.620 | 90 | 965.320 |
95 | 961.900 | 100 | 958.364 |
Note: 1kg/m3 = 0.001 g/mL
Appendix B | |||
Density of Various Solids at Ordinary Atmospheric Temperature | |||
Substance | Density (kg/m3) | Substance | Density (kg/m3) |
Aluminium | 2700 | Asbestos | 2400 |
Bone | 1700-2000 | Brick | 1400-2200 |
Brass (60/40) | 8600 | Butter | 865 |
Camphor | 990 | Cardboard | 690 |
Cast iron | 7000 | Cement | 2700-3000 |
Celluloid | 1400 | Chalk | 1900-2800 |
Clay | 1800-2600 | Coal | 1400-1800 |
Coke | 1000-1700 | Common salt | 2160 |
Copper | 2160 | Constantan | 8900 |
Diamond | 3010-3520 | Glass (common) | 2400-2800 |
Gold (pure) | 19300 | Granite | 2640-2760 |
GraphiteC | 2320-2720 | Ice | 917 |
Ivory | 1830-1920 | Lead | 11378 |
Lime (slaked) | 1300-1400 | Limestone | 2680-2760 |
Magnetite | 4900-5200 | Manganin | 8500 |
Mica | 2600-3200 | Paper | 700-1500 |
Platinum | 21400 | Porcelain | 2300-2500 |
Quartz | 2650 | Resin | 1070 |
Rock salt | 2180 | Rubber (hard) | 1190 |
Rubber (soft) | 1100 | Sand | 2340 |
Silica (fused) | 2210 | Silver | 1005 |
Stainless steel | 7800 | Starch | 1530 |
Sugar | 1590 | Talc | 2700-2800 |
Topaz | 3500-3600 | Tourmaline | 3000-3200 |
Wax (sealing) | 1800 | Wood (bamboo) | 3100-4000 |
Wood (teak) | 6600-8800 | Wood (walnut) | 6400-7000 |
Wood (willow) | 4000-6000 | Zinc | 7100 |
Appendix C | ||
Density of Various Liquids at Ordinary Atmospheric Pressure | ||
Substance | Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
Acetone | 20 | 792 |
Alcohol (ethyl) | 20 | 792 |
Benzene | 0 | 900 |
Chloroform | 20 | 1489 |
Caster oil | 15 | 970 |
Coconut oil | 15 | 925 |
Ether | 0 | 736 |
Gasoline | 660-690 | |
Glycerin | 0 | 1260 |
Heavy water | 5 | 1106 |
Kerosene | 820 | |
Mercury | 13600 | |
Milk | 1028-1035 | |
Methylated spirit | 0 | 810 |
Olive oil | 15 | 918 |
Paraffin oil | 0 | 810 |
Turpentine | 4 | 870 |
Sea water | 1025 | |
Water | 4 | 999.972 |
Appendix D | |
Density of Various Gases at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) | |
Substance | Density (kg/m3) |
Air | 1.293 |
Ammonia | 0.771 |
Carbon dioxide | 1.977 |
Carbon monoxide | 1.250 |
Chlorine | 3.214 |
Hydrogen | 0.090 |
Hydrogen sulphide | 1.640 |
Methane | 0.717 |
Nitrogen | 1.250 |
Sulphur dioxide | 2.927 |
Water vapour (273 K) | 0.800 |
Appendix F | |||
Acceleration Due to Gravity | |||
Place | Acceleration due to gravity, g (m/s2) | Place | Acceleration due to gravity, g (m/s2) |
Agra | 9.791 | Allahabad | 9.789 |
Aligarh | 9.781 | Bangalore | 9.780 |
Amritsar | 9.792 | Chennai | 9.783 |
Bhubaneswar | 9.787 | Dehradun | 9.791 |
Delhi | 9.792 | Gorakhpur | 9.789 |
Equator | 9.781 | Hyderabad | 9.789 |
Guwahati | 9.790 | Jaipur | 9.785 |
Indore | 9.790 | Kolkata | 9.788 |
Kanpur | 9.790 | Madurai | 9.781 |
Ludhiana | 9.792 | Mumbai | 9.786 |
Meerut | 9.792 | Patna | 9.784 |
Nagpur | 9.785 | Srinagar | 9.790 |
Tirupati | 9.782 | Thiruvanamthapuram | 9.781 |
Ajmer | 9.789 | Varanasi | 9.789 |
Appendix G | |||
Refractive Index of Substances (for Sodium light, λ = 589.3 nm) |
|||
Solid | Refractive index | Liquid | Refractive index |
Diamond | 2.417 | Water | 1.333 |
Glass (crown) | 1.48-1.61 | Alcohol (ethyl) | 1.362 |
Glass (flint) | 1.53-1.96 | Alcohol (methyl) | 1.329 |
Glass (soda) | 1.50 | Benzene | 1.501 |
Ice | 1.31 | Canada balsam | 1.530 |
Mica | 1.56-1.60 | Carbon disulphide | 1.628 |
Rocksalt | 1.54 | Glycerin | 1.475 |
Quartz (fused) | 1.458 | Kerosene oil | 1.390 |
Olive oil | 1.460 | ||
Paraffin oil | 1.440 | ||
Turpentine | 1.472 |
Appendix H | |||||
Speed of Sound in Different Substances | |||||
Solids | Speed at 25°C (m/s) | Liquids | Speed at 25°C (m/s) | Gases | Speed at 0°C (m/s) |
Aluminium | 5000 | Alcohol | 1210 | Air | 331 |
Brass | 3480 | Caster oil | 1477 | Ammonia | 415 |
Brick | 3650 | Glycerol | 1324 | Carbon dioxide | 275 |
Copper | 3750 | Mercury | 1450 | Hydrogen | 1284 |
Cork | 500 | Sea-water | 1531 | Coal gas | 453 |
Fused Silica | 5760 | Turpentine | 1255 | Nitrogen | 334 |
Glass (crown) | 4540 | Water | 1756 | Oxygen | 316 |
Glass (flint) | 3720 | Water (dist.) | 1497 | Sulphur dioxide | 213 |
Iron | 5200 | Ethanol vapour | 269 | ||
Lead | 1200 | Methanol vapour | 335 | ||
Nickel | 4900 | Water vapour (134°C) | 494 | ||
Paraffin | 1300 | ||||
Platinum | 2800 | ||||
Silver | 2680 | ||||
Steel | 5000 | ||||
Tin | 2730 | ||||
Wood (Oak) | 3800 | ||||
Zinc | 3850 |
Appendix I | |||
Electrical Resistivity of Substances | |||
Substance | Resistivity* (Ω m) | Substance | Resistivity |
Conductors | Semiconductors | ||
Aluminium | 2.6 x 10-8 | Carbon | 3.5 x 10-5 |
Brass | 6.6 x 10-8 | Germanium | 0.5 |
Chromium | 12.9 x 10-8 | Silicon | 20-2300 |
Constantan | 49.1 x 10-8 | ||
Copper | 1.78 x 10-8 | ||
German Silver | 26.6 x 10-8 | Insulators | |
Lead | 20.8 x 10-8 | Diamond | 1012 – 1013 |
Manganin | 44.5 x 10-8 | Ebonite | 1015 – 1017 |
Mercury | 95.8 x 10-8 | Glass | 1010 – 1014 |
Nichrome | 100.0 x 10-8 | Mica | 1011 – 1015 |
Nickel | 11.8 x 10-8 | Paper (dry) | 1012 |
Platinum | 11.0 x 10-8 | Rubber(hard) | 1013 – 1016 |
Silver | 1.60 x 10-8 | Teflon | 1016 |
Tungsten | 5.20 x 10-8 | Wood (maple) | 3 x 1010 |
The values pertain to temperature near 200C
Appendix J | |||||
Dimensions of Wire and Wire Resistance | |||||
SWG* No. | Diameter (cm) | Section (cm2) | Copper | Resistance (Ω/m) constantan | Manganin |
0 | 0.8230 | 0.5319 | 0.0003 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
2 | 0.7010 | 0.3858 | 0.0005 | 0.012 | 0.011 |
5 | 0.5385 | 0.2277 | 0.0008 | 0.021 | 0.019 |
10 | 0.3251 | 0.0830 | 0.0021 | 0.057 | 0.051 |
12 | 0.2642 | 0.0548 | 0.0032 | 0.086 | 0.077 |
14 | 0.2032 | 0.0324 | 0.0054 | 0.146 | 0.131 |
16 | 0.1626 | 0.0308 | 0.0083 | 0.228 | 0.205 |
18 | 0.1219 | 0.0117 | 0.0148 | 0.495 | 0.361 |
20 | 0.0914 | 0.0066 | 0.0260 | 0.722 | 0.645 |
22 | 0.0711 | 0.0034 | 0.0435 | 1.200 | 1.070 |
24 | 0.0559 | 0.0025 | 0.0700 | 1.930 | 1.730 |
26 | 0.0457 | 0.0016 | 0.1115 | 3.069 | 2.781 |
28 | 0.0376 | 0.0011 | 0.1624 | 4.464 | 4.045 |
30 | 0.0315 | 0.0008 | 0.2233 | 6.138 | 5.563 |
* Standard Wire Gauge: also called British Standard Gauge or British Standard Wire Gauge.
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