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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Nehru’s Letter to Children

Question 1:
Young and Old
You are young. You must be observing the old and aged people around you. Compare and contrast the young and the old. Discuss with your partner and complete the following table.[Al, pg. 118]

Points of Comparison	Young People	Old People

Answer:

Points of Comparison	Young People	Old People
Stage of life	early stage of life	later stage of life
Physical appearance	smooth, soft and glowing skin	wrinkled, loose skin
Energy levels	very enthusiastic, active, strong	less enthusiastic and active, weak
Health	healthy, high immunity levels	generally sick, reduced levels of immunity
Outlook	adventurous, ready to take risks, run after fashions	satisfied, lead a stable life
Way of working	work by probability	work by experience
Mental ability	alert, quick and fast thinkers	slow and thoughtful in taking decisions, forgetful
Life experience	immature and less experienced	mature and more experienced

[Note: Students can add more points on their own.]

Question 1:
Letters
Letters are of two types. Discuss with your partner all the features of the formal and informal letters. Find the examples of this type first and then complete the following tree- diagram. [A2, pg. 118]

Question 3:
For the sake of the motherland Everybody wants to do something or the other for the sake of motherland. Discuss with your partner and complete the following. [A3, pg. 118]

Answer:
Children
i. be helpful
ii. be socially active
iii. respect elders
iv. be obedient
v. be honest and truthful
vi. co-operate
vii. be aware of rights and duties
Adults
i. follow rules and regulations
ii. have a fighting spirit
iii. promote unity
iv. respect culture
v. conserve nature
vi. care for public property, historical monuments, etc.
vii. fulfill duties and enjoy rights

Passage 1

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage again and complete the following. [A6, pg. 121]
1. Jawaharlal Nehru wants to ____.
ii. The habit of old people is to ____.
iii. Wise people do not ____ .
iv. It is very easy to ____.
Answer:
i. be with children, talk to them and play with them.
ii. deliver sermons and good advice to the young.
iii. talk about their wisdom and do not behave as if they were superior.
iv. make friends with flowers and birds and everything in nature. ‘

Question 2:
Glance through the passage and complete the sentences.
i. We sit in our office and imagine that we are doing ______ work.
ii. You can recognize the flowers by ____ .[Mar 15]
iii. You can recognize the birds by ________
iv. The world is like the greatest _____ [Mar 15]
Answer:
i. very important
ii. their names
iii. their singing
iv. fairy tale

Read the passage from line (1 to 30) on page (119) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[Dear Children, beauty of the world.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Make a word register of the beautiful things that surround us in the world.
Answer:
Flowers, trees, birds, animals, stars, mountains, glaciers.

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write from the passage words that mean the following.
i. a lengthy speech
ii. highly intelligent
iii. a quality of being wise
iv. in a loving, kind manner
Answer:
i. sermon
ii. brilliant
iii. sensible
iv. affectionately

Question 2:
Arrange the following words in the alphabetical order. [Mar 15]
sensible, surrounding, strange, separate
Answer:
i. sensible
ii. separate
iii. strange
iv. surrounding

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
I like being with children. (Rewrite using the infinitive form of the underlined word)
Answer:
I like to be with children.

Question 2:
I cannot forget my age. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
I cannot forget my age, can I?

Question 3:
I hope you will be more sensible. (Rewrite using ‘going to’)
Answer:
I hope you.are going to be more sensible.

Question 4:
How easy it is to make friends with them! (Rewrite as an assertive sentence)
Answer:
It is very easy to make friends with them.

Question 5:
You must have read many fairy tales.
(Choose the correct passive voice from the given alternatives)
i. Many fairy tales must have been read by you.
ii. Many fairy tales must had been read by you.
iii. Many fairy tales must has been read by you.
iv. Many fairy tales must be read by you. [Mar 15]
Answer:
i. Many fairy tales must have been read by you.

Question 6:
You must have read many fairy tales.
(Rewrite in simple future tense) Ans: You will read many fairy tales.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
What is your reaction to your parents’ advice and instruction?
[A5 – III (1), pg. 120] [Mar 15]
Answer:
My reaction to my parents’ advice is positive, but I do get annoyed by repeated instructions. I think that I should be trusted and given the freedom to take my decision in small matters. However, when I am undecided or confused, it is my parents’ advice that I look forward to.

Question 2:
How can we establish relation with the environment or nature? [A5 – III (3), pg. 120]
Answer:
We can establish a relation with the environment in various ways, like:
i. by conserving every aspect of nature.
ii. by mingling with our natural surroundings, enjoying and recognizing various colours, sounds and forms of nature.
iii. by going for treks or bird watching.

Passage 2

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage again and complete the following.
*i. Grown-ups put themselves _______ . [A6-5, pg. 121]
ii. Children are unaware about the ______ . [Mar 15]
iii. Some months ago, the children of Japan wrote to me and-asked me to _________ .

Choose the correct words from the bracket and complete the sentences. [July 15]

i. The children of ______ wrote to me and asked me to send them an elephant. (China / Japan)
ii. This _____ animal became a symbol of India. (noble / wild)
iii. This gift of ours gave joy to so many children of Japan. (so few / so much)
iv. Everywhere, there are like you.
Answer:
i. Japan (children / elephants)
ii. noble
iii. so much
iv. children
Read the passage from line (31 to 56) on page (119, 120) of your textbook* and answer the following questions.
[Grown-ups have a ___________
_________ than I intended.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the following web. [Mar 15]
Answer:
i. Religion
ii. Colour
iii. Nation
iv. Language

Complete by finding proper responses from the passage. [July 15]
i. Children of Japan demanded _________.
ii. The gift became a symbol _________.
iii. Similarity between the children of Japan and India _________.
iv. Source of getting information about a country_________
Answer:
i. an elephant
ii. of India
iii. is going to school, work, play, sometimes quarrel and make friends again
iv. by reading books and visiting the country
Complete the web.

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write down the opposites from the passage for the following. [July 15 – Set B]
i. received
ii. forget
iii. enemies
iv. foolish
Answer:
i. sent
ii. remember
iii. friends
iv. wise

Question 2:
Write words from the passage which means
i. something that separates people from one another
ii. sign or object which represents a person or an idea
iii. arguing or fighting verbally
iv. increase gradually in size and quality
Answer:
i. barrier
ii. ‘ symbol
iii. quarreling
iv. mount-up

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
They build barriers. (Change the voice)
Answer:
Barriers are built by them.

Question 2:
They live in prisons of their own making.(Rewrite using ‘are going to’)
Answer:
They are going to live in prisons of their own making.

Question 3:
They live in prisons of their own making. (Select the proper question tag and rewrite)
i. do they?
ii. don’t they?
iii. didn’t they? [Mar 15]
Answer:
They live in prisons of their own making, don’t they?

Question 4:
The children of Japan wrote to me. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
Who wrote to me?

Question 5:
Go there as friends and you will find friends to greet you. (Use ‘ing’ form of the underlined word and rewrite) [July 15]
Answer:
Go there as friends and you will find friends greeting you.

Question 6:
You _____ friends to greet you.
(Choose the correct verb form from the brackets to make the sentence in simple Present Tense) (find /will find / finds) [July15]
Answer:
You find friends to greet you.

Question 7:
He taught us _____ face the world cheerfully and ______ laughter.
(Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions)
Answer:
He taught us to face the world cheerfully and with laughter.

Personal Response

Question 1:
How could you minimize the distance between people and communities, created by barriers?
[A5 – III (2), pg. 120]
Answer:
The ways in which I would try to minimize the distance between people and communities, created by barriers are:
i. I would make friends with children around me, irrespective of their caste, religion or status.
ii. I would visit their places and join them in their celebrations.
iii. I would also invite them to celebrate festivals in my family.
iv. I would try to understand their culture and respect our differences.

Question 2:
Unity in diversity is the characteristic of India. Support the statement by giving examples.
Answer:
The fact that ‘unity in diversity’ is a characteristic of India is evident through the variety of food, clothing, festivals and languages spoken in India. Even though we belong to different religions, we come together and celebrate festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas and New Year. Similarly, we enthusiastically try to learn other languages and try our hands at the delicious recipes of one another. We understand and co-exist with each other and live with a feeling of brotherhood.

Question 3:
Making friends is an art. What would you do to make many friends? [July 15]
Answer:
Making friends is certainly an art. I would make friends by being polite and courteous with people. I would take the first step and be open with people, so that they know my friendly nature and are able to approach me without hesitation. I would also be genuine and honest with others.

Additional Questions for Practice

Question 1:
Read to complete
Read the letter in about 5 minutes and fill in the blanks appropriately by selecting the proper words from the letter. You may work together with your partner. [A4, pg. 118]

The letter is written by_________ to_______ on________ . He liked_________ and________ with children. He loved to talk about _______,_______,_______,_______ _______ , _______ , and _______He gave________ as a gift to________ on behalf of _______ . His gift became__________ and _______between children of India and Japan.
Answer:
The letter is written by Jawaharlal Nehru to children on December 3. 1949. He liked talking and playing with children. He loved to talk about flowers, trees, birds, animals, stars, mountains and glaciers. He gave an elephant as a gift to the children of Japan on behalf of the children of India. His gift became a symbol of India and a link between children of India and Japan.

Read the letter again and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions.

a. What do old people like to talk about?
Answer:
Old people like to deliver sermons and good advice to the young.

b. What do wise people avoid talking about?
Answer:
Wise people avoid talking about their wisdom.

c. Who are supposed to be doing very important work?
Answer:
Grown-ups are supposed to be doing very important work.

d. What could you recognize flowers and birds by?
Answer:
We could recognize flowers by their names and birds by their singing.

e. Who gets involved in arguments and quarrels?
Answer:
Grown-ups get involved in arguments and quarrels.

f. Who are unknown about the barriers?
Answer:
Children are unknown about the barriers.

g. What gift did Pt. Nehru send to the children of Japan?
Answer:
Pt. Nehru sent an elephant to the children of Japan.

ii. Answer in two to three sentences.
a. What opinion has Pt. Nehru formed about old people? What does he say about himself in this connection?
Answer:
According to Pt. Nehru, old people have a habit of delivering sermons and giving good advice to the young. They also have a habit of appearing to be wise, even though very few of them posses much wisdom. They do not admire the natural beauty. Nehru says that sometimes, while listening to others, he feels that he must be wise, brilliant and important. Then, looking at himself, he begins to doubt this.

b. How did Pt. Nehru relate the fairy tales with the world we live in?
Answer:
According to Pandit Nehru, the world we live in is the greatest fairy tale. It is the greatest story of adventure that was ever written, but we must have eyes to see, ears to hear and a mind that is open to an adventurous life and beauty of the world.

c. What are the common activities amongst the children all over the world?
Answer:
Children all over the world play and work with each other. They are ignorant of the barriers built up by grown-ups. They quarrel with their friends but make up quickly and do not keep grudges. They also make friends easily.

Question 3:
Expectations
Jawaharlal Nehru expects many things from the children through this letter. Glance through the letter again and find out the expectations. [A7, pg. 121]

i. Make friendship with the children of other countries.
ii. _______ .
iii. _______
iv. _______
Answer:
ii. Open their eyes and ears to the beauty and life that surrounds them.
iii. Make friends with everything in nature.
iv. Take a long time in growing up.

Question 4:
Match
Read the sentences given below and complete the sentences after matching column A with column B and forming a verb phrase. [A8, pg. 121]

	Column ‘A’		Column ‘B’
i.	look	a.	about
ii.	used	b.	at
iii.	show	c.	to
iv.	learn	d.	off

(i- b), (ii – c), (iii – d), (iv – a)
i. Some bright students always _________ their knowledge.
Answer:
show off

ii. We____ our past glory through history
Answer:
learn about

iii. _____ the worst condition of the earth due to pollution.
Answer:
Look at

iv. People in olden days________ worship nature.
Answer:
used to

Expressions of time
Read and discuss with your partner the given expressions and mention what time they indicate. You can take help of the sentences where they have appeared. Then use the expressions in the sentences that follow.

Column ‘A’ Expressions	Column ‘B’ Time indicated
some months ago
for the moment
last week
next week

i. . Some months ago, I _______ (go) to Mumbai.
ii. Next month, my uncle ________ (come) from U.S.A. .
iii. We ________ (see) an English movie last week.
iv. For the moment, we ________ (keep) quiet
since the teacher was giving important
instructions.
Answer:

	Column ‘A’ Expressions	Column ‘B’ Time indicated
	some months ago	past
	for the moment	present
	last week	past
	next week	future

i. had gone
ii. will come
iii. saw
iv. kept

Question 6:
Future Action
i. Look at the following sentences and the underlined part. Discuss with your partner the questions given below. Note your observations and responses. [A10, pg. 122]
a. You will be more sensible in life.
b. You are going to be more sensible in life.
Discuss
• What is the difference between the two sentences?
Answer:
There is hardly any difference in the meaning of the two sentences. The only difference is in the construction of the sentences.
• What are the different words in these sentences?
Answer:
In sentence (a), the simple future tense ‘will be’ is used while in sentence (b), the present continuous tense ‘are going to’ is used.
• Do they affect the meaning?
Answer:
No, they do not affect the meaning.
• What time of action is indicated in both the sentences?
Answer:
In both the sentences, future action is indicated.

ii. Here are ‘New Year Resolutions’ planned by Shivam. Work in pairs and frame sentences using either ‘will’ or ‘going to’ construction.

Answer:
a. Shivam is going to study for three hours daily.
b. Shivam will not behave rudely.
c. Shivam will exercise daily for at least 40 minutes.
d. Shivam will listen to the elders’ advice.
e. Shivam is going to wake-up early in the morning.
f. Shivam is going to plant at least ten trees.
g. Shivam will not watch TV for a long time.
Now, read the following sentences and change them using either ‘will-’ or ‘going to’ construction as suggested in the given examples. Write them in your notebook.

a. Pranav will not show off his wisdom.
Answer:
Pranav is not going to show off his wisdom.

b. India will prosper and go ahead fast.
Answer:
India is going to prosper and go ahead fast.

c. I will face my problems cheerfully.
Answer:
I am going to face my problems cheerfully.

d. They are going to abolish superstitions very soon.
Answer:
They will abolish superstitions very soon.

e. Nitesh is going to read many stories during the vacation.
Answer:
Nitesh will read many stories during the vacation. ‘

Now, discuss with your partner and prepare a plan for your holidays. Later on, report it to the class. Make use of ‘will’ or ‘going to’ construction appropriately.
a. I will be visiting Panchgani.
b. enjoy
c. watching
d. write
e. play
f. Add your ideas
Answer:
a. I will be visiting Panchgani.
b. I am going to enjoy the natural beauty there.
e. I will be watching the sunrise and sunset every day.
d. I am going to write all my experiences in my diary.
e. I am going to play with my brother at the Mapro garden in Panchgani.
f. I will eat strawberries in Panchgani.
g. I am also going to visif Mahabaleshwar.
[ Students are expected to report ¡lin class on their

Question 7:
Find out
Gather information about Jawaharlal Nehru and answer the questions given below. [pg. 123]
1. Jawaharlal Nehru’s favourite flower ______ .
ii. Jawaharlal was popularly known as _______ by the children.
iii. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first
iv. His birthday is celebrated as
v. Name of Nehru’s daughter ______ .
Answer:
i. Rose
ii. Chacha Nehru
iii. Prime Minister of india
iv. Children’s Day
v. Snltt Indira Gandhi

Question 8:
Further reading
Visit your school library and read more letters written by Jawaharlal Nehru. [pg. 123]
Also read, Nehru’s letter to Indira, the letters that he wrote when he was in prison.
[Students are expected to attempt the above activities on their own.’]

Question 10:
Letter
You have read a letter by Jawaharlal Nehru. Imagine that you are replying a letter. Discuss with your partner and develop a draft of the letter.
Tips!
You may use the following expressions:
i. It’s very kind of you _______
ii. We like your _______
iii. We promise you ____
iv. We are proud of_______
V. Children are unlike the grown ups in
vi. Itisourdutyto ______
vii. Your letter has
Answer:

B-14, Rutu Enclave
Gulmohar Nagar,
Mulund (East),
Mumbai — 400081.
24th July, 2016.

Dear Chacha Nehru,

It’s very kind of you to spend your precious time to write a letter to us. It was an honour to read it. Your letter really touched my heart because of its simplicity. My friends and I have been inspired by your message. It’s very true that we fail to appreciate beautiful things around us. Your letter has made us realise how we should enjoy nature and all its facets. Childhood is full of joy with no place for negative thinking or behaviour. We promise you that we will live a life that does not divide but unite the
society.

You have written about Mahatma Gandhi and how he was child-like in many ways. His teaching of facing the world cheerfully and with laughter inspires us a lot. We understand that it is our duty to do our bit for the progress and prosperity of our country.
We assure you that we will strive to be worthy of our country’s rich and varied heritage.

Yours affectionately,
ABC

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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – To My Beloved Motherland, India

Pre-reading Activities

Question 1:
Unity in Diversity
We know that India is a land of diversity. Form groups of four students each and complete the following table. Remember to write down the points that reveal the unity.
Answer:

Question 2:
Our Heroes
Look at the photographs in your textbook and complete the following table. Within your group select the personality and after discussion complete the following table. The group leader will present the information to the class.

Answer:

Question 3:
Duty towards the Motherland .
Form pairs and complete the web with appropriate responses. Think how you would like to serve the Motherland.

Answer:
i. Spread feeling of brotherhood
ii. Preserve historical monuments
iii. Help the poor
iv. Mutual trust and respect
v. Maintain unity
vi. Protect from enemies

Question 1:
Read the extract carefully and state whether the following statements are True or False.
i. The poet’s heart fills with sorrow for being bom here.
ii. India is referred to as the Motherland of the poet.
iii. The poet’s ancestors came from some other country.
iv. He will not spare any alien for a sum.
v. The soil has given him food to eat.
Answer:
i. False
ii. True
iii. False
iv. True
v. True

Question 2:
Match column A with B.


Answer:
(i – f), (ii – a), (iii – b), (iv – c), (v – d), (vi – e), (vii – h), (viii – i), (ix – g)

Question 3:
Match the following expressions from the extract.

Answer:
(i – c), (ii – d), (iii – a), (iv – b)

A2. Understanding the Extract

i. Answer in a paragraph.
Question 1:
Who is proud to be the son of India?
Answer:
The poet is proud to be the son of India.

Question 2:
Why does the narrator fell proud?
Answer:
The poet is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of the Motherland. He would protect and safeguard it and is not ready to give even an inch of it to an alien in exchange of money

Question 3:
When is the poet’s soul filled with anguish?
Answer:
The poet’s soul is filled with anguish to see the havoc done to his Motherland.

Question 4:
Who is referred to as beloved in the poem?
Answer:
The poet’s motherland-India is referred to as beloved in the poem.

Question 5:
What should not be spared for a sum?
Answer:
Even an inch of the Motherland should not be spared to an alien for a sum.

Question 6:
Why is the poet not ready to give an inch of land?
Answer:
The poet is not ready to give an inch of land because it is his Motherland. It is the place where he was bom and his ancestors came from. He loves and respects his Motherland. So, he is not ready to give it to anyone.

Question 7:
What are the things that the poet has received from his Motherland?
OR
Mention the things received by the poet from his Motherland.
Answer:
The poet’s Motherland is the place where he had taken his first breath. The soil of his Motherland has given him food to eat and water to quench his thirst. The poet says that his Motherland has given him his heartbeat.

Question 8:
What is the poet ready to sacrifice for the Motherland?
Answer:
The poet is ready to sacrifice his life, his blood for the Motherland. ‘

Question 9:
What is the poet ready to do for the sake of the Motherland?
Answer:
Carter and wealth. He is ready to shed his blood anytime in future for his Motherland.

Question 10:
Complete the web with suitable responses. Write all the things the poet is ready to do for the motherland.

Answer:
i. adorn his Motherland with his life
ii. reduce all the havoc done to his Motherland
iii. protect every inch of his Motherland from aliens
iv. keep the dignity of his Motherland unchallenged

A3. Vocabulary

Question 1:
Glance through the extract and you will come across many words that are now old fashioned. Make a list of such words along in the table?

Answer:

Question 2:
Form a pair and find out the various rhyming words from the extract. Complete the following table after reading the extract.

Answer:

Question 3:
Find the rhyming words from the poem for:
i. dart ii. stare
Answer:
i. heart
ii. spare

Question 4:
Find and write down from the extract the words that describe the following.
i. Situation in which a lot of damage, destruction, etc. happens.
ii. Coming from a different country, race or group.
Answer:
i. havoc ii. alien

Question 5:
Find from the extract opposites of the following words.
i. sorrow ii. death
iii. last
Answer:
i. joy
ii. life
iii. first

Additional Questions for Practice

Question 1:
Read poem again the and after discussing with your partner answer the following questions.
*a. Why does the narrator feel proud?
Answer:
The narrator feels proud because he is a son of India. He also feels proud for taking birth in India.

*b. What feeling does the poem create in your mind?
Answer:
The poem evokes a patriotic feeling in my mind. It inspires me to respect and be proud of my motherland. It fills my heart with a strong desire to protect and safeguard it by sacrificing my life, if needed.

c. Are you proud of being an Indian? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I am proud of being an Indian. I feel that India offers a lot of career opportunities to students and people here are warm and welcoming. We have a rich cultural heritage and we celebrate vibrant festivals throughout the year. Our land is blessed with natural beauty. Apart from that, we are making progress towards being a developed country. With all these qualities, India is indeed a nation one can be proud of.

Question 2:
Complete
Look at the following starting expressions. Complete them with the thoughts of your own. One is done for yoii.
For example:
This is the place ……………….
This is the place of my dream.
i. This is the place of ……………..
Answer:
This is the place of my ancestors.

ii. This is the country ……………..
Answer:
This is the country of rich and varied heritage.

iii. This is the school ……………..
Answer:
This is the school that taught me to be myself.

iv. This is the family ……………
Answer:
This is the family that inculcated good values in me.

v. This is the mother ………………
Answer:
This is the mother who nurtured me with love and care.

Question 3:
Observing a poem
Observe the poem again with the following things in mind.
i. Number of stanzas ………..
Answer:
There are four stanzas in the poem.

ii. Number of lines in each stanza ………….
Answer:
There are four lines in each of the first three stanzas. There are only two lines in the last . stanza.

iii. Total number of lines …………….
Answer:
There are 14 lines in the poem.
This poem is a ‘sonnet’ where the 14 lines are broken down into sections called quatrains. The first three quatrains contain four lines each and the last quatrain contains two lines.

Question 4:
Changing word-order
i. Look at a line taken from the poem and the sentence prepared by changing the order of words.
a. Even an inch of it, I cannot hand, Now read..
Answer:
I cannot hand even an inch of the land.

b. Observe which line makes the meaning more clear.
Answer:
Line (b) makes the meaning more clear. It is written in the correct prose order (subject + verb + object).

ii. Now, select any line from the poem and change the word order and rewrite.
Answer:
a. My heart with joy leaps for being here bom
Correct order: My heart leaps with joy for being bom here.
b. My soul with anguish fills for havoc done
Correct order: My soul fills with anguish for havoc done.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions

Question 5:
Be a poet
Look at the expressions that begin with
My India, I am ………………..

Now, try to complete these lines in the way you feel appropriate.
Answer:
My India, I am glad to be your son.
This is the air that gives life to each one.
This is the soil so very fertile.
This is the water that flows for a mile.
This is the place where the sun shines bright.

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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Food as Love

Pre-reading Activities

Question 1:
Menu Card
You have visited a hotel with your friends. Here is a menu-card. Read it and discuss which food items you would like to order. Give reasons for it.
Why not the other food items? Give reasons.
Answer:
If I visited a hotel that provided the food mentioned in the given menu-card, I would choose veg. noodles and veg. fried rice from the ‘Our Speciality’ section, as I am a vegetarian. These dishes are not too spicy and they contain a lot of vegetables. From the ‘Deshi food’ section, I would prefer zunkabhakari, dal khichadi and bhaji bhakari because these dishes are nutritious and easy to digest. I would opt for puran poll as a sweet dish because it is my favourite. I would avoid ordering varan bhat, even though I like it, because I eat it almost every day at home. Other items made of potatoes and matki would surely be left out because they are oily and contain high amount of calories.
[Note: The above answer is given for reference. Students can take a cue from it and answer the question on their own ]

Question 2:
Food
When you look at a perfect dish, which things appeal to you? Discuss with your partner and complete the following web.

Answer:
i. aroma
ii. garnishing
iii. freshness
iv. taste

Part I

Passage 1

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and suggest one word as answer of the given sentences.
*i. Time when the narrator was hungry .
ii. The place where the mother trotted towards after waking up _______.
*iii. The dish prepared by mother .
iv. Food that cannot strum the senses and make the soul sing ________.
Answer:
i. midnight
ii. aloo paratha roll
iii. kitchen
iv. burger

Question 2:
Read the passage and fill in the blanks by selecting a proper word from the text. You can take help of the hints provided in brackets:
i. Unforgettable meal of the teenager was ______ (food)
ii. Aloo paratha was _______ (condition)
iii. Aloo paratha was ______ (taste)
iv. Aloo paratha was made with ______(emotions)
v. Aloo paratha was tastier than ______(food)
Answer:
i. piping hot aloo paratha
ii. piping hot
iii. delicious
iv. grace and love
v. burger

Question 3:
Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives.
*i. The incident of a piping hot aloo paratha is _______ for the teenager.
a. remarkable
b. forgettable
c. worst
d. memorable
Answer:
d. memorable

*ii. When the boy was hungry, his mother was _________.
a. watching TV
b. sleeping
c. singing
d. cooking
Answer:
b. sleeping

iii. The aloo paratha was made with ______ .
a. cooking oil
b. hands
c. grace and love
d. anger and irritation
Answer:
c. grace and love

iv. Our memories of meals last because they
a. strum our senses
b. satisfy our hunger
c. taste delicious
d. last longer
Answer:
a. strum our senses

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out words / phrases / sentences that provide proof for the following statements.

i. The narrator ate the aloo paratha late at night.
Answer:
It was a midnight snack, my mother dished up for me.

*ii. The narrator is a young boy.
Answer:
I, an inconsiderate teenager, shook her awake from deep sleep

*iii. The narrator got food which was very hot.
Answer:
She trotted to the kitchen and within minutes, made a piping hot aloo paratha roll.

*iv. The food prepared by the mother was tastier.
Answer:
Of course it was delicious, but more than that, it was made with such grace and love.

Question 2:
Read the passage and arrange the sentences in proper order.
i. The food was delicious.
ii. The young boy was hungry.
iii. The mother cooked aloo paratha within minutes.
iv. The mother trotted to the kitchen.
Answer:
i. The young boy was hungry.
ii. The mother trotted to the kitchen.
iii. The mother cooked aloo paratha within minutes.
iv. The food was delicious.

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing words from the passage that describe the aloo paratha.

Answer:
i. unforgettable meal
ii. midnight snack
iii. piping hot
iv. delicious

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. prepared and served a meal
ii. not thinking or worrying about other people
iii. spoke very softly
iv. went hurriedly towards
Answer:
i. dished up
ii. inconsiderate
iii. whispered
iv. trotted

Question 2:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. forgettable
ii. considerate
iii. asleep
iv. small
Answer:
i. unforgettable
ii. inconsiderate
iii. awake
iv. big

A4. Language Study

Do as directed.
Question 1:
I shook her awake. (Change the Voice)
Answer:
She was shaken awake by me.

Question 2:
I whispered, “I’m hungry.” (Rewrite in indirect speech)
Answer:
I whispered that I was hungry.

Question 3:
You had such a big dinner. (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence)
Answer:
What a big dinner you had!

Question 4:
It was made with grace and love. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
It was made with grace and love, wasn’t it?

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
Why does the narrator consider himself as ‘inconsiderate teenager’?
Answer:
The narrator considers himself as an ‘inconsiderate teenager’ because he woke his mother from deep sleep one midnight to tell her that he was hungry, although he had eaten a big dinner earlier.

Passage 2

Factual Reading

Read the passage and suggest one word as answer of the given sentences.
i. Roman Goddess ______.
ii. Number of processing steps of packaged products ______.
iii. Number of months the flour, made by a foreign brand, lasts.
iv. Natural forces that ancient civilizations _________
Answer:
i. Ceres
ii. 26
iii. 6
iv. rain, sun, earth

Read the passage and fill in the blanks by selecting a proper word from the text. You can take help of the hints provided in brackets.
Dr V. Shiva is ______ and ______ . (professions)
Foreign atta was not ______ and ________. (quality)
i. physicist, environmentalist
ii. natural, fresh

Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives.
i. The word ‘cereal’ comes from the Goddess of ________.
a. Greece b. Rome
c. India d. China
Answer:
b. Rome

*ii. The processed atta can be good only upto months.
a. six
b. seven
c. five
d. four
Answer:
a. six

iii. Extract your own ______ from a bowl of fresh malai.
a. ghee b. buttermilk
c. paneer d. flour
Answer:
a. ghee

*iv. Many people use food as a ______.
a. mouth filler
b. trunk filler
c. soul filler
d. tank filler
Answer:
d. tank filler

Read the passage from line (11 to 37) on page (101) of your textbook and answer the following questions.’

[Who says the field is still ________ ways to do this.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out words / phrases / sentences that provide proof for the following statements.

i. Dr Vandana Shiva is an important physicist and environmentalist.
Answer:
Dr Vandana Shiva, leading physicist and environmentalist, recalled a foreign flour brand was neither natural nor fresh.

ii. Homemade ghee is better than the packaged one.
Answer:
Extract your own ghee from a bowl of fresh malai and enjoy the delicious aroma that suffuses your kitchen and your heart.

iii. Food does not merely fill our stomach.
Answer:
Food was never meant to be just a tank-filler.

*iv. The rain, the sun and the Mother Earth give us plenty of food.
Answer:
Ancient civilizations worshipped the rain, the sun and Mother Earth, forces that gave them the bounty of crop.

Question 2:
Complete the web by choosing different forces of nature mentioned in the text.

Answer:
i. wind
ii. rain
iii. sun
iv. earth

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing food-related items mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. Cereal
ii. Flour
iii.Grains
iv. Paneer

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write one word from the passage for the following meanings.
i. a professional who specialises in the study of physics
ii. located outside of our country
iii. without chemical fertilizers
*iv. the smell of delicious food ________.
v. spreads through
Answer:
i. physicist
ii. foreign
iii. organic
iv. aroma
v. suffuses

Question 2:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. disconnected
ii. artificial
iii. native
iv. stale
Answer:
i. connected
ii. natural
iii. foreign
iv. fresh

Question 3:
Find out the Non-English words from the passage and translate them in English language.
Answer:
i. atta – flour
ii. chakki – flour mill
iii. malai – cream

Question 4:
Find out the describing word from the following sentence and use it in your own sentence.
Ancient civilizations worshipped the rain, the sun, and Mother Earth.
Answer:
Ancient – Art and literature has been known to man since ancient times.

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
It had gone through 26 steps of processing.
(Rewrite in Present Continuous Tense)
Answer:
It is going through 26 steps of processing.

Question 2:
Get your atta freshly ground from a local chakki. (Rewrite as a simple sentence)
Answer:
You must get your atta freshly ground from a local chakki.

Question 3:
You can find ways to do this. (Rewrite as an Interrogative Sentence)
Answer:
Can’t you find ways to do this?

A5. Personal Response .

Question 1:
‘Homemade food is better than packaged food’. What do you think?
Answer:
Packaged food is made to last for several months in stores. Hence, it contains numerous preservatives and chemical additives like MSG, benzoic acid, flavour enhancers, excessive oil, salt, etc. It has low nutritional value and is primarily meant to please one’s taste buds. Due to all these reasons, consuming packaged food affects one’s health severely. Homemade food, on the other hand, is easier for our body to digest. It contains fresh ingredients and no preservatives, since it is not meant to last for a long time. Thus, we consume less sugar and oil when we eat home-cooked food. Besides, it is also cost effective. All these reasons make homemade food a better option than packaged food.

Part II
Passage 3

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and state whether the following statements are True or False. Write the line no. that prompts you the answer.
i. Dr V. Shiva is against pesticide-laden imported food product.
ii. The narrator has great attraction for Indian food.
iii. According to Dr V. Shiva farmers and the nature are well respected on the earth.
iv. We should respect food.
Answer:
i. True, Line no. 1, 2, 3
ii. True, Line no. 3, 4, 5
iii. False, Line no. 9, 10, 11
iv. True, Line no. 14, 15

Question 2:
Read the passage and match the following columns.

	A		B
i.	Dr Shiva	a.	lose weight
ii.	Food	b.	nine seeds
*iii.	Navdhanya	c.	a sacred being
iv.	Ayurvedic tip	d.	Stolen Harvest

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – c), (iii – b), (iv – a)

Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (104) of your textbook and answer the following questions.

[Dr Shiva, member, prestigious……………………… It is that simple.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage again. Write the information under the proper heading.

Dr Vandana Shiva

Particulars	Information
Post
Loves
Activity
Book
Quote’-

Answer:

Particulars	Information
Post	Member of the prestigious World Future Council
Loves	Fresh and pure Indian food
Activity	Started the Navdhanya movement to promote domestic and organic farming
Book	Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply
Quote	“Food is alive; it is not just pieces of carbohydrate, protein, and nutrient, it is a being, a sacred being.”

Question 2:
Read the passage and complete the table.

Dr Shiva described food as	Dr Shiva described Indian food as
a.	a.
b.	b.

Answer:

Dr Shiva described food as	Dr Shiva described Indian food as
a. alive	a. fresh
b. a sacred being	b. pure

Question 3:
Complete the web.

Answer:
i. those who labour
ii. those who grow food
iii. nature
iv. nature’s creatures

Complete the web by choosing the units of measurement mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. calories
ii. milligrams
iii. grams
iv. pounds

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives to match words with their meanings.
a. enlightening
b. open an eye
c. getting up
Answer:
a. enlightening

ii. elusive
a. scattered pieces
b. difficult to understand
c. in large quantity
Answer:
b. difficult to understand

*iii. balanced diet
a. limited nutritious food
b. food that is oily and spicy
c. delicious food
Answer:
a. limited nutritious food

*iv. artificial
a. made using different art
b. face and art
c. not natural
Answer:
c. not natural

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. brought from a foreign land into our country
ii. without chemical fertilisers
iii. considered holy and divine
iv. traditional system of medicines for healing

Answer:
i. imported
ii. organic
iii. sacred
iv. Ayurvedic

Question 3:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. exported
iii. dead
Answer:
i. imported
ii. little
iii. alive
iv. Simple

A4. Language Study

Do as directed.
Question 1:
We come from a poor country but we have fresh food. (Rewrite using ‘although’)
Answer:
Although we come from a poor country, we have fresh ‘food.

Question 2:
The food has taste. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The food has taste, doesn’t it?

Question 3:
The movement promotes domestic, organic farming. (Change the Voice)
Answer:
Domestic, organic farming is promoted by the movement.

Question 4:
Why not think about food like you think about love?
(Rewrite as an Assertive Sentence)
Answer:
You should think about food like you think about love.

Question 5:
Eat only as much as you can cup in the palms of your hands. (Rewrite using ‘should’)
Answer:
You should eat only as much as you can cup in the palms of your hands.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
Why should we eat local food?
Answer:
We should eat local food because it is fresh and pure. It does not have artificial ingredients. Also, it does not go through various steps of processing, which makes it organic.

Question 2:
We should think of calories before we take food. Why?
Answer:
We should think of calories before we take food because our body requires only a limited diet. This diet varies from person to person. A person who does a lot of physical work requires more calories than the one who does sedentary work. If a person does not think about calories before taking food, he or she may put on weight, which in turn may lead to several health problems.

Passage 4

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and match the following columns.

	A		B
i.	ripe orange	a.	satisfaction
ii.	body	b.	ingredients
iii.	mind	c.	contentment
iv.	soul	d.	citrusy juice
		e.	nourishment

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – e), (iii – c), (iv – a)

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