CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 8 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 8.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 8
Board | CBSE |
Class | XII |
Subject | Political Science |
Sample Paper Set | Paper 8 |
Category | CBSE Sample Papers |
Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 8 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
- All questions are compulsory.
- Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
- Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
- Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
- Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
- Questions no. 21 is map based question.
- Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words.
Question 1.
What is meant by ‘Western Alliance’ ?
Question 2.
Which one of the following statements about the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka is false ?
(a) Politics in Sri Lanka openly favoured the Sinhalas.
(b) Interests of Tamils were neglected.
(c) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam were supported by the SAARC countries.
(d) There was no political equality in Sri Lanka
Question 3.
Analyse any one reason for the defeat of the Congress Party in 1977.
Question 4.
Explain the concept of a ‘Coalition Government’.
Question 5.
Which popular movement led to the empowerment of women?
Question 6.
Assess the main contribution of the Non-Aligned Movement to the newly independent countries.
Question 7.
Show with the help of one example that globalisation has affected the dress culture of India.
Question 8.
List any four areas or regions which come under ‘Global Commons’.
Question 9.
Match the facts given in Column ‘A’ with those in Column ‘B’ in a meaningful way :
Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
(a) Architect of the Second Five Year Plan | (i) Balraj Madhok |
(b) One of the leaders of Jana Sangh | (ii) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |
(c) Leader of the Swatantra Party | (iii) P.C. Mahalanobis |
(d) Proponent of Hindu-Muslim Unity | (iv) Minoo Masani |
Question 10.
Highlight any two aspects of the Indian Foreign Policy which were greatly influenced by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.
Question 11.
Explain any four steps taken by China that led to the rise of its economy.
Question 12.
Highlight any four factors which justify India’s claim to a permanent seat in the U.N. Security Council.
Question 13.
Evaluate any four benefits of the ‘Green Revolution’.
Question 14.
Why did India distance herself from the two superpower camps?
Question 15.
Describe any four activities of the Dalit Panthers to promote their interests.
Question 16.
Mention any four Prime Ministers of India and name their respective coalitions that led the Union Government from 1989 to 1999.
Question 17.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :
The ‘Cuban Missile Crisis’ was a high point of what came to be known as the Cold War. The Cold War referred to the competitions, the tensions and a series of confrontations between the United States of America and the Soviet Union, backed by their respective allies. Fortunately, however, it never escalated into a ‘hot war’.
(a) Explain the meaning of ‘hot war’.
(b) Why was the ‘Cuban Missile Crisis’ considered as the high point of the Cold War?
(c) “Ideological conflict was also a cause of the Cold War.” How far do you agree with the statement?
Question 18.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions.:
The Congress evolved from its origins in 1885 as a pressure group for the newly educated, professionals and commercial classes to a mass movement in the twentieth century. This laid the basis for its eventual transformation into a mass political party and its subsequent domination of the political system. Thus the Congress began as a party dominated by the English speaking, upper caste, upper middle class, and urban elite. But with every Civil Disobedience Movement, it launched, its social base widened.
(a) What is meant by a pressure group?
(b) Explain the reason for the Congress to be transformed into a rainbow-like social coalition by the time of Independence.
(c) What made the Congress into a mass political party in the twentieth century?
Question 19.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :
The Janata Party made the 1977 elections into a referendum on the Emergency. Its election campaign was focused on the non-democratic character of the Congress rule and on the various excesses that took place during this period. In the backdrop of arrests of thousands of persons and the censorship of the Press, the public opinion was against the Congress.
(a) What is meant by ‘referendum’?
(b) “Acts like arrests of thousands of persons and the censorship of the Press during the Emergency period were nondemocratic.” Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer with one suitable argument for/against each act.
(c) In spite of winning the 1977 elections with a thumping majority, why could the Janata Party remain in power only for a short period? Explain.
Question 20.
Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the following questions:
(a) Which country does this cartoon refer to?
(b) Evaluate any two changes in the economic policies of this country from ‘then’ to ‘now’.
(c) Assess any two outcomes of the latest changes that took place in this country.
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Question No. 20 :
(20.1) What is the full form of ASEAN?
(20.2) State the main objective of the ASEAN.
(20.3) What does the ‘ASEAN Way’ mean?
Question 21.
In the given political outline map of India (on page 12), five States have been marked as (A), (5), (C), (5) and (E). Identify these States on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer-book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet as per the following format:
Sr. No. of the information used | Concerned Alphabet | Name of the State |
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) |
(i) The State where the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre took place.
(ii) The State where a Dairy Cooperative Movement under the name ‘Amul’ was launched.
(iii) The State which was benefitted by the ‘Green Revolution’.
(iv) The State which was created in 2000.
(v) The State which faced a near-famine situation during the 1960s.
Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Question No. 21 :
(21.1) In which State did Jallianwalla Bagh massacre take place?
(21.2) In which State was the ‘Amul’ Milk Dairy Cooperative Movement started?
(21.3) Name the State which was created in the year 2000.
(21.4) Name the State in the East of India which came into existence due to bifurcation at the time of partition in 1947.
(21.5) Which two States were the most benefitted by the Green Revolution?
Question 22.
What is meant by ‘Shock Therapy’? Explain any four consequences of Shock Therapy.
OR
Explain the idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO) for the development of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Highlight any three reforms proposed by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 1972 to improve the global trading system.
Question 23.
Describe any three operations (military actions) launched by the US which proved and established its supremacy as a Hard Power.
OR
Describe any three points of conflict between India and Pakistan.
Question 24.
Examine the six reforms proposed as criteria for new permanent and non-permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.
OR
Analyze any three broad components of the security strategy of India.
Question 25.
Describe any three major reasons that led to the declaration of Emergency in 1975.
OR
Describe any four steps taken by Indira Gandhi to implement the ‘Garibi Hatao’ Programme.
Question 26.
Analyze any three threats to the global environment these days.
OR
Analyse any three demerits of globalization.
Question 27.
“In the midst of severe competition and many conflicts, a consensus appears to have emerged among most political parties of India. ” In the light of this statement, analyze any three elements of growing consensus.
OR
“Jammu and Kashmir are one of the living examples of plural society and politics.” Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.
Answers
Answer 1.
West European countries that sided with the USA, after World War II.
Answer 2.
(c) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam were supported by the SAARC countries.
Answer 3.
Reasons for Defeat of Congress in 1977: Misuse of power by the Congress Party during an emergency.
Answer 4.
Coalition Government: Coming together/joining of two or more political parties to form the government.
Answer 5.
Anti-Arrack Movement
Answer 6.
A contribution of the Non-Aligned Movement
- Provided a third option of not joining the Cold War politics
- Newly independent countries were able to take international decisions and stances that served their interests.
Answer 7.
Globalization has affected the dress culture of India by: Westernisation of the dress tastes of girls in schools and colleges.
Answer 8.
Global Commons include :
- Earth’s atmosphere
- Antarctica
- Ocean floor
- Outer space
Answer 9.
Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
(a) The architect of the Second Five Year Plan | (iii) P.C. Mahalanobis |
(b) One of the leaders of Jana Sangh | (i) Balraj Madhok |
(c) Leader of the Swatantra Party | (iv) Minoo Masani |
(d) A proponent of Hindu-Muslim Unity | (ii) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |
Answer 10.
- Non-Aligned Movement
- Use of Nuclear policy for peaceful purposes
Answer 11.
Steps taken by China, that led to the rise of its economy:
- Introduction of Four modernisations (agriculture, industry, science, technology and military) proposed by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1973.
- Open Door Policy announced by Deng Xiaping with economic reforms in China.
- Trade barriers were eliminated in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), where foreign investors could set up enterprises.
- China introduced a market economy with step by step strategy of privatisation of agriculture followed by privatisation of industry in 1998
Answer 12.
Factors which justify India’s claim:
- India is the world’s largest democracy
- India is the second most populous country in the world, comprising almost one fifth of the world’s population.
- Regular financial contributions of India to the UN and has never faltered on its payments.
- India’s economic emergence on the world stage
Answer 13.
Benefits of the Green Revolution:
- Increased food production, especially in wheat, followed by enhancement in food security.
- States like UP, Punjab and Haryana became agriculturally prosperous.
- Rise of middle section peasant.
- The farmers with medium size holdings benefitted so much by the changes, by the green revolution that they became politically influential.
Answer 14.
Reasons for Distancing:
- To pursue the dream of a peaceful world, India advocated the policy of Non Alignment.
- Reducing Cold War tensions
Answer 15.
Activities of Dalit Panthers:
- Fighting against increasing atrocities on Dalits in various parts of the state.
- Launched movements to destroy casteism and to build an organisation of all the oppressed sections.
- Provided platform for the educated Dalit youth to use their creativity as a protest activity.
- More involvement in electoral activities through compromises, alliances, etc.
Answer 16.
Prime Minister Coalition
- V. P. Singh National Front Government
- Chandra Shekhar Section of National Front Government
- P.V. Narsimha Rao The Congress Party supported by AIADMK and smaller parties.
- H.D. Deve Gowda United Front Government
Answer 17.
- (a) A full scale war actually being fought between two or more countries.
- Both the Superpowers were directly poised against each other for the first time due to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
- A war seemed imminent due to tension between the super powers.
- The ideological conflict was the difference over the best and the most appropriate way of organising political, economic and social life all over the world. The US represented the ideology of Lliberal democracy and Capitalism, while the USSR was committed to the ideology of socialism and communism. This divided the world into two blocs- eastern alliance and western alliance, preparing against one another, leading to an arms race and creating an atmosphere of Cold War.
Answer 18.
- An organisation that puts pressure on the government, directly or indirectly, to get its demands fulfilled.
- With every mass movement launched by the Congress Party, its social base widened.
- It brought together diverse groups – industrialists, peasants, urban as well as rural dwellers, etc. as it’s members.
- It broadly represented India’s diversity in ierms of caste, class, religion and language and various interests.
- It’s support base increased with every mass movement.
Answer 19.
- Referendum means to refer an important issue to the people for decision/verdict by general vote.
- Nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested under Preventive Detention, but none of them were tried for anti-national activity.
- Newspapers were not allowed to publish articles without the prior approval of government.
Note: If a candidate gives an appropriate argument in favour of the statement, it may be suitably awarded.
- Stiff competition from within the Janata Party for the post of Prime Minister.
- It lacked directions, leadership and a common programme.
- Split in the Janata Party reduced it to minority. (Any Two)
Answer 20.
- China
- Earlier, it had a closed economy, but now it has an open economy.
- It has established trade links with the west after 1970s.
- It led to the rise of China as an economic power.
- It was able to make big investments in other countries. Or any other change
(20.1) Association of South East Asian Nations
(20.2)
- To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development.
- To promote regional peace and stability based on rule of law and the principles of the UN Charter.
(20.3) A form of interaction that is informal, non-confrontationist and co-operative.
Answer 21.
Sr. No. of the information used | Concerned Alphabet | Name of the State |
1. | D | Punjab |
2. | E | Gujrat |
3. | A | Uttar Pradesh |
4. | B | Chattisgarh |
5. | C | Bihar |
(21.1) Punjab
(21.2) Gujrat
(21.3) Ch’attisgarh
(21.4) West Bengal
(21.5) Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
Answer 22.
Shock Therapy means a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
Consequences of Shock Therapy
- Collapse of the state controlled large Industrial complex.
- 90 percent of industries were put up for sale at throwaway prices.
- Value of Ruble declined.
- Inflation was high.
OR
Idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO) for the development ofLeast Developed Countries (LDC) was:
- LDCs wanted to be economically developed and lift their people out of poverty.
- Economic development was also vital for the independence of the new countries.
- They did not want to remain dependent on the rich countries.
Reforms Proposed by UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
- Give LDCs control over their natural resources.
- Obtain access to Western markets.
- Reduce the cost of technology obtained from the Western countries.
Answer 23.
Operations launched by the US
1. Operation Desert Storm:
- Launched in August 1990 against Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.
- The US led the massive coalition force of 6,60,000 troops from 34 countries.
- Iraqi forces were quickly defeated.
2. Operation Infinite Reach:
- Ordered by US President, in 1998 against the Al-Qaeda.
- A series of cruise missile strikes on terrorist targets on Sudan and Afghanistan.
3. Operation Enduring Freedom:
- Response to the 9/11 attack on the US.
- A swift and ferocious attack against all those suspected to be behind the 9/11 attack.
- Al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan were targeted
OR
Conflicts between India and Pakistan:
- There was dispute over Kashmir immediately after the partition in 1948 between India and Pakistan. Both the governments continue to be suspicious of each other. The Indian government has blamed the Pakistan government for using a strategy of low-key violence by helping the Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India.
- India’s conflict with Pakistan is also over strategic issues like the control of the Siachen glacier and over an acquisition of arms.
- India and Pakistan also have had problems over the sharing of river waters. Until 1960, they were locked in a fierce argument over the use of the rivers of the Indus basin.
Answer 24.
Six reforms proposed by the UN Security Council: New member nations must be:
- A major military power.
- A major economic power.
- A substantial contributor to the UN budget.
- A big nation in terms of its population.
- A nation that respects democracy and human rights.
- A country that would represent world’s diversity.
OR
Three broad components of Security Strategy of India:
1. Strengthening Military Capabilities :
- India’s involvment in conflicts with its neighbours – Indo-Pak (1947-48, 1965, 1971 & 1999) & Indo-China (1962)
- Conducted nuclear test in 1998, was justified by the Indian Government in terms of safeguarding national security.
2. Strengthening international norms and institutions :
- India supports – Asian solidarity, decolonisation, disarmament and peaceful settlement | of disputes.
- Universal and Non-discriminatory Nuclear Disarmament.
- Support for NAM, NIEO and Kyoto Protocol.
- Participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions.
3. Security within the country :
- Separatist movements in Nagaland, Mizoram, Punjab and Kashmir have been dealt with.
- India preserved its national unity by adopting a democratic political system.
Answer 25.
Reasons for the Declaration of Emergency in 1975
- Economic Context: The social and economic conditions in the country did not improve much with a high level of inflation, thereby causing hardship to the people. This caused general dissatisfaction among the people. In such a context non – Congress opposition parties along with students organized popular protests in Gujrat and Bihar
- Conflict with Judiciary :
- The Government and the ruling party had many differences with the judiciary.
- The Supreme Court said that the Parliament cannot amend the constitution to curtail any Fundamental Rights.
- The Parliament amended the constitution to abridge the Fundamental Rights for giving effect to Directive Principles.
- This lead to a crisis as far as the relations between the government and the judiciary were concerned.
- Further, a tension was created between the judiciary and the executive with regard to the appointment of Chief Justice of India.
- There was a massive demonstration in Delhi’s Ramlila Ground on 25 June 1975. The nationwide Satyagrah created big threat of not obeying to illegal and immoral orders by police and government employees thereby bringing the activities of the government to a still stand.
OR
Indira Gandhi launched a series of initiatives to give the government policy a left orientation. She put forward a positive programme captured in the famous slogan “Garibi Hatao” (Remove Poverty).
- She focussed on the growth of the public sector imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property; removal of disparities in income and opportunity ; and an abolition of princely privileges.
- She adopted the Ten-Point Programme which included social control of banks, nationalisation of General Insurance
- Public distribution of food grains, land reforms and provision of house sites to rural poor
- She also announced a Twenty-point programme which included land reforms, land redistribution, review of agricultural wages, workers participation in management and eradication of bonded labour.
Answer 26.
THREATS TO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
- Deforestation: Natural forests which help to stabilise the climate, moderate water supplies and harbour a majority of the planets, bio-diversity on land is being cut down leading to loss of bio-diversity and loss of habitat.
- Steady decline in the total amount of Ozone in the Earth’s stratosphere.
- Increase in coastal pollution due to land based activities. Unchecked human settlement of coastal zones leads to deterioration in the quality of the marine environment.
OR
DEMERITS OF GLOBALISATION
1. Political Consequences: It has affected the traditional conceptions of state sovereignty. The old “ Welfare State” is now giving way to minimalist state. The increased role of MNCs leads to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take their decisions on their own.
2. Economic Consequences:
- It benefits only a small section of the society.
- It has led to forced globalisation leading to economic ruin for the weaker countries.
- Many call it re-colonisation of the world.
3. Cultural Consequences:
- It leads to the rise of a uniform culture called homogenisation.
- Imposition of Western culture on the rest of the world.
- It leads to shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe
Answer 27.
ELEMENTS OF GROWING CONSENSUS:
- Agreement on new economic policies: Most political parties are in support of the new economic policies. They believe it would lead to prosperity
- Acceptance of political and social claims of the backward classes: All political parties . now support reservation of seats for backward classes.
- Role of Regional Parties: State level parties are sharing power at the national level and have played a central role in the country’s politics.
OR
- Jammu and Kashmir comprise of three major social and political regions- Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.
- Jammu region comprises of foothills and plains inhabited by an equal ratio of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs and speakers of various languages.
- Kashmir region is the Kashmir valley, the people are Kashmiri speaking and, mostly Muslim with a small population of Kashmiri Hindu
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