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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – An Eye Opener
Pre-reading Activities
Question 1:
Stories
You must have read many story books. Match the type with the story books.
| Books | Type of the Text | ||
| i. | Stories of Akbar and Birbal | a. | Imaginary world |
| ii. | Fairy Tales | b. | Moral stories |
| iii. | Panchtantra / Fables | c. | Wit and Flumour |
| iv. | Comics | d. | Adventure stories |
| V. | Sindbad the Sailor | e. | Bed-time stories |
| vi. | Arabian Nights | f. | Entertainment |
Answer:
(i – c), (ft- a), (iii – b), (iv – f), (v – d), (vi – e)
Question 2:
Healthy Diet .
Look at the pictures of various kinds of popular food in your textbook. Find which one of them is healthier than the others. Write a few lines on good and bad things on each of them.
Answer:
i. King Burger
Good: The stuffing is delicious and fills the stomach.
Bad: It is unhealthy because of too many calories present in it.
ii. Vada Pav
Good: It is a popular Indian snack. It is spicy and tasty.
Bad: It is oily and has high calories. Pav is made from white flour (maida) which is not good for health.
iii. Tomato Soup
Good: It is delicious and easy to make. Hot tomato soup is good for health and is easy to digest.
Bad: –
iv. Noodles
Good: It is a popular Chinese dish. It is easy to prepare and it tastes good with a variety of vegetables.
Bad: Noodles made from white flour is unhealthy.
v. Sandwiches
Good: Sandwiches are easy to make. Various options for stuffing are available to make the dish healthier. Bad: White bread is bad for health and hence should be avoided.
vi. Poke
Good: It is a healthy snack mostly eaten as breakfast in India. The dish is easy to cook.
Bad:–
vii. Thalipeeth
Good: It is nutritious; healthy and easy to cook. Multi-grain flours make it a complete meal.
Bad: –
viii. Misal
Good: It is spicy and delicious and it fills the stomach.
Bad: It is slightly oily and may upset one’s stomach if it is too spicy.
A1. Factual Reading
Question 1:
State whether the following statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’.
i. The King started leading a sedentary life.
ii. King Krishnadeva Raya stopped taking regular exercise.
iii. Tenali Raman cautioned the King against the ill effects.
*iv. The astrologer warned the king against the ill- effects of overeating.
v. Tenali Raman was a doctor.
*vi. The courtiers approached Tenali Raman for the remedy on the difficult situation.
*vii. The king was happy with the prediction of the astrologer.
*viii. The king ordered the Royal Physician to be imprisoned for a month.
Answer:
i. True
ii. True
iii. False
iv. False
v. False
vi. True
vii. False
viii. False
Question 2:
Read the passage carefully and complete the following sentences.
i. King Krishnadeva Raya stopped exercising and ate too much. As a result he grew _______ .
ii. The royal physicians advised the king to regulate his ______ .
iii. The royal physicians advised the king again and again to eat ______ .
iv. The astrologer predicted that the king had only a month left ______ .
v. The astrologer was ordered by the king to be ______ .
Answer:
i. fat and heavy
ii. diet
iii. less
iv. to live
v. imprisoned for a month
Read the passage from line (1 to 16) on page (17) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
(King Krishnadeva Raya………….
……………was sent to prison.]
A2. Understanding the Passage
Question 1:
Complete the following table about King Krishnadeva Raya’s exercise.
| Activities the King did | Effects of stopping exercise |
Answer:
| Activities the King did | Effects of stopping exercise |
| Heavy Exercises | The King grew fat and heavy. |
| Horse-riding | The King’s temperament underwent a sea change. |
Question 2:
While reading the passage, you come across many tips for healthy living. Prepare a list of dos and don’ts in the following columns.
| Dos | Don’ts |
Answer:
| Dos | Don’ts |
|
Perform exercises regularly |
Don’t lead a sedentary lifestyle |
| Regulate your diet | Don’t overeat |
| Maintain a cool and calm temperament | Don’t take too much stress |
A3. Meaning from the Text
Question 1:
Choose and write one word for the following from the passage.
i. One who examines and treats patients.
ii. Something given as a prize.
iii. An unsafe and dangerous condition.
iv. A person who is a member of the court of a king or a queen.
Answer:
i. physician ii. reward
iii. precarious iv. courtier
Question 2:
Choose the correct option for the underlined word in the given sentences.
i. King Krishnadeva Raya would perform heavy exercises every morning.
a. more
b. . a lot of
c. hard
Answer:
b. a lot of
ii. The royal physicians cautioned the king against the ill-effects of overeating.
a. warned
b. advised
c. suggested
Answer:
a. warned
iii. They advised the king to regulate his diet.
a. to change b. to control
c. to limit
Answer:
b. to control
iv. When the king came to know, he was furious.
a. excited b. very angry
c. upset
Answer:
b. very angry
Question 3:
Choose the correct meaning of the words in bold type from the alternatives given below.
i. The king started leading a sedentary life.
a. spending a lot of time doing nothing
b. serving the countrymen
c. spiritual and enlightened
Answer:
a. spending a lot of time doing nothing
ii. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change.
a. change in the sea
b. noticeable change in something
c. complete change
Answer:
c. complete change
iii. Tenali assured the courtiers of a viable solution.
a. something that can be done with a lot of efforts
b. something that can be done easily and successfully
c. tricky but smart
Answer:
b. something that can be done easily and successfully
iv. The forecaster was sent to prison.
a. one who casts magical spells
b. one who predicts the future
c. one who runs forward
Ans: b. one who predicts the future
A4. Language Study
Do as directed.
Question 1:
King Krishnadeva Raya. would perform heavy exercises every morning.(Rewrite using ‘used to’) [July 15]
Answer:
King Krishnadeva Raya used to perform heavy exercises every morning.
Question 2:
He regularly applied oil on his body.(Frame a ‘Wh’ question to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
What did he regularly apply on his body?
Question 3:
The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change.(Select the correct use of a question tag)
a. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t it?
b. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t he?
c. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t they?
d. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, did he?
Answer:
a. The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t it?
Question 4:
The royal physicians cautioned the king.(Change the voice)
Answer:
The king was cautioned by the royal physicians.
Question 5:
Tenali heard the problem and assured the courtiers of a viable solution.(Rewrite using the ‘-ing’ form of the underlined word)
Answer:
Hearing the problem, Tenali assured the courtiers of a viable solution.
A5. Personal Response
Question 1:
What would you do if you were in the place of King Krishnadeva Raya?
Answer:
If I were in place of King Krishnadeva Raya, I would listen to the advice of the physicians and stop overeating. Realising the ill effects of following a sedentary lifestyle and of overeating, I would control my diet, exercise regularly and take care of my health.
Question 2:
What care do you take to maintain good physical health?
Answer:
In order to maintain good physical health,
i. I always eat fresh food.
ii. I have a balanced diet and avoid all types of junk and oily food.
iii. I drink a lot of water.
A1. Factual Reading
Read the passage carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false.
Questions:
The king wanted to behead the astrologer as his prediction was proved wrong.
ii. The king was astonished to find no change in himself.
iii. The astrologer was in fact a physician.
*iv. The king promised never to be a victim of bad habits.
Answer:
i. True
ii. False
iii. True
iv. True
2. Read the passage carefully and complete the following sentences.
Questions:
i. When one month passed after the prediction and nothing happened to his life, the king _______ .
*ii. When the king looked in the mirror, he was surprised to see himself ______ .
*iii. In the end, the astrologer told the king that all that was done on the advice of _______ .
iv. By frightening the king to death, he had made him _______ .
Answer:
i. summoned the astrologer
ii. slim and healthy
iii. Tenali Raman
iv. eat less and that had cured him
Read the passage from line (17 to 34) on page (17) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[The king was so ………….
……………….victim of bad habits.]
A2. Understanding the Passage
Question 1:
Write the following sentences in proper order.
i. The king summoned the astrologer.
ii. The astrologer had acted on the advice of Tenali Raman.
iii. The king hardly ate anything and lost a lot of weight.
iv. One month passed and nothing happened.
Answer:
i. The king hardly ate anything and lost a
lot of weight.
ii. One month passed and nothing happened.
iii. The king summoned the astrologer.
iv. The astrologer had acted on the advice of Tenali Raman.
Question 2:
Read the passage and complete the following table.
| Effects of the prediction on King Raya’s health | His reaction to the results |
Answer:
| Effects of prediction on King Raya’s health | His reaction to the results |
| Hardly ate anything | Astonished |
| Lost a lot of weight | Promised never to be a victim of bad habits |
A3. Meaning from the Text
Question 1:
Choose the correct option for the underlined word in the given sentences.
i. The king was terrified of the prediction.
a. frightened b. delighted
c. very angry
Answer:
a. frightened
ii. “Tell me, why I shouldn’t behead you?”
a. put a crown on someone’s head
b. cut off one’s head as punishment
c. shower with compliments
Answer:
b. cut off one’s head as punishment
iii. King Raya was astonished to find himself slim and healthy.
a. surprised
b. pleased
c. unhappy
Answer:
a. surprised
*iv. The king was delighted by Tenali’s wit.
a. presence of mind
b. laughter
c. intelligence
Answer:
c. intelligence
A4. Language Study
Do as directed.
Question 1:
He lost a lot of weight over the month.(Rewrite as an interrogative sentence)
Answer:
Didn’t he lose a lot of weight over the month?
Question 2:
The astrologer told King Raya that he was in fact a physician.(Rewrite in direct speech)
Answer:
The astrologer said, “Oh, King Raya! I am in fact a physician.”
Question 3:
He had made him eat less.(Identify the tense)
Answer:
Past Perfect Tense
Question 4:
The king was delighted by Tenali’s wit.(Change the voice)
Answer:
Tenali’s wit delighted the king.
A5. Personal Response
Question:
What are the different activities that one can perform to keep oneself fit and fine?
Answer:
One can perform the following activities to keep oneself fit and fine:
i. Go for a morning walk or jogging
ii. Practise yoga regularly
iii. Develop good eating habits.
Additional Questions for Practice
Read the story again and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions.
Question i:
Answer in a single sentence.
a. What did the king regularly apply on his body? (thing)
Answer:
The king regularly applied oil on his body.
b. Who cautioned the king against the ill-effects of overeating? (person)
Answer:
The royal physicians cautioned the king against the ill-effects of overeating.
c. What did the royal physicians advise the king to do? (advice)
Answer:
The royal physicians advised the king to regulate his diet, exercise and to take care of his health.
d. Who did the courtiers approach for the remedy? (person)
Answer:
The courtiers approached Tenali Raman for the remedy.
e. What delighted the king at the end?
Answer:
Tenali’s wit helped the king to become slim and healthy. This delighted the king at the end.
Question ii:
Answer in two to three sentences each.
a. What happened when the king started leading a sedentary lifestyle?
Answer:
When the king started leading a sedentary lifestyle, he stopped exercising. He no longer went for horse-riding. He also overate and as a result, grew fat and heavy.Moreover, his temperament underwent a sea change.
b. The king announced a reward for anyone who could find him an easy cure, on one condition. What was the condition?
Answer:
The king announced a reward for anyone who could find him an easy cure from obesity. But, there was one condition: those who failed would have their heads off.
c. Why did the king order the astrologer to be imprisoned for a month?
Answer:
The astrologer had predicted that the king had only a month left to live. The astrologer was ordered by the king to be imprisoned for a month, so that his prediction could be put to test.
d. What was the effect of the prediction of the astrologer on the king?
Answer:
The king was so terrified by the prediction of the astrologer that he hardly ate anything. He lost a lot of weight over the month. This made him slim and healthy.
Question iii:
Write your answers briefly.
a. What do you mean by an eye opener?
Answer:
An eye opener is any event, situation or advice that proves to be enlightening. An eye opening experience alters one’s opinions or views forever and makes one realise a fact of which one was unaware of, before. The eye opener in this story is the realisation of King Krishnadeva Raya that a sedentary lifestyle and bad habits lead to health problems and therefore, it is essential to follow a good and controlled diet. This realisation came to the king when he observed himself after a month of not eating in large quantities. Thus, his own slim and healthy image became an eye opener for him.
b. What is the message of the story?
Answer:
The message of the story is ‘Health is Wealth’. It highlights the importance of leading an active life, eating in a controlled manner and exercising regularly to remain healthy. It also gives the message that one should never be a victim of bad habits or sedentary lifestyle.
Question 2:
Nature of persons in the story
Look at the following expressions showing the nature of the persons in the story. Match the expression and the character to which it suits.
Answer:
| King Raya | Tenali Raman | Astrologer |
| Angry | Witty | Cooperative |
| Unwilling to adopt good habits | Good advisor | Perseverance |
| Furious | Presence of mind | Courageous |
Question 3:
Retelling the story
Your partner will tell one part of the sentence from the story. You have to complete it by adding the next part of the sentence. In this way you have to complete the story. You may not use the exact words from the story.
Preparation
i. Read the story carefully
ii. Decide important points/events to mention
iii. Practise a lot
iv. Present to the class
Partner:Once upon a time _______ .
You:there was a king named Krishnadeva Raya.
Partner:he king started leading _______ .
You:a life with less activities.
Partner: ________ .
You:________ .
Partner _______ .
You: _______ .
Answer:
Partner :Once upon a time _______ .
Myself: there was a king named Krishnadeva Raya.
Partner:The king started leading ______ .
Myself: a life with less activities.
Partner: He stopped exercising _______ .
Myself :and overate.
Partner : As a result, he grew fat and heavy and ________ .
Myself : his temperament also changed.
Partner : The Royal Physicians cautioned the king _______ .
Myself :about the ill-effects of overeating and obesity.
Partner :They advised him to exercise, regulate his diet and _______ .
Myself : take care of his health.
Partner : One day, he announced a reward for anyone _______ .
Myself : who could find him an easy cure.
Partner : Buthe laid a condition ________ .
Myself that those who failed would be beheaded.
Partner : Whep no one came forward ________ .
Myself : the courtiers approached Tenali Raman for a solution.
Partner : As per the advice of Tenali Raman, a physician came as an astrologer and ________ .
Myself : predicted that the king had only a month to live.
Partner : The king then ordered to imprison the astrologer _______ .
Myself : to test his prediction.
Partner : The king was so terrified of the prediction _______ .
Myself : that he hardly ate anything and lost a lot of weight over the month.
Partner : At the end of the month nothing happened to the king’s life _______ .
Myself : so the astrologer was summoned to the court.
Partner : The king asked the astrologer _______ .
Myself : why he should not be beheaded for the false prediction.
Partner : The astrologer asked the king to look in the mirror and _______ .
Myself : see how he had cured himself.
Partner :The king was astonished to find ________ .
Myself : himself slim and healthy.
Partner :The astrologer revealed his true identity and ________ .
Myself : explained how he acted on Tenali Raman ‘s advice.
Partner : Finally, the king was delighted by Tenali’s wit and ________ .
Myself :promised never to be a victim of bad habits.
Question 4:
Word Relation
Read the story and find out words which can be used to describe the words in column B. You can find more such matching words. One is done for you as an example.
|
Sr. No. |
(A) Describing Word |
(B) Matching Word/s | ||
| i. | heavy |
a. exercise 1._______ |
b. rains 2._______ |
c. weight 3. _______
|
| ii. | a. ride 1._______ | b. journey 2._______ |
c. way 3._______ |
|
| iii. | a. physician 1.________ |
b. garden 2._______ |
c. club 3._______ |
|
| iv. | a. cure 1._______ |
b. way 2._______ |
c. game 3.________ |
|
| V. | a. orphan 1.________ |
b. beggar 2._______ |
c. business man 3._________ | |
| vi. | a. habits 1.________ |
b. news 2._______ |
c. boys 3.________ |
|
| vii. |
a. man 1.________ |
b. baby 2.________ |
c. people 3.________ |
|
| viii. |
a. life 1.________ |
b. person 2.________ |
c. environment 3._________ | |
Answer:
|
Sr. No. |
(A) Describing Word |
(B) Matching Word/s | ||
| i. | heavy | a. exercise 1. regular |
b. rains 2. torrential |
c. weight 3. light |
| ii. | long | a. ride 1. bumpv |
b. journey 2. tiring |
c. way 3. high |
| iii. | royal | a. physician 1. experienced |
b. garden 2. beautiful |
c. club 3. huge |
| iv. | easy | a. cure 1. quick |
b. way 2. tough |
c. game 3. difficult |
| V. | hapless | a. orphan 1.young |
b. beggar 2. helpless |
c. business man 3. rude |
| vi. | bad | a. habits 1. good |
b. news 2. recent |
c. boys 3. naughty |
| vii. | angry | a. man 1. kind |
b. baby 2.crying |
c. people 3. sick |
| viii. | healthv | a. life 1. short |
b. person 2. sad |
c. environment 3. positive |
Question 5:
Word formation
Look at the pairs of the words given in two columns. Discuss with your partner how the words in column ‘B’ are formed.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| examine | examination |
| govern | government |
| temper | temperament |
| predict | prediction |
| astonish | astonishment |
[Note: Nouns that are formed from verbs, often have one of these endings.]
Answer:
Norms in column ‘B’ are formed by adding ‘-tion’, ‘-ment’, ‘-ion’ to the verbs in column ‘A’. Small changes in the spelling have been made while forming the new words such as, replacing ‘e’ with ‘a’ and adding ‘-tion’ to the word ‘examine’, adding ‘a + ment’ after the word ‘temper’ to form its noun form, and so on.
Change the verbs in brackets into noun forms and rewrite. Take help of your partner.
i. He gave us an (assure) that it would not happen.
Answer:
He gave us an assurance that it would not happen.
ii. The teacher expects (explain) from his students.
Answer:
The teacher expects an explanation from his students.
iii. She has got the right (temper) to be an architect.
Answer:
She has got the right temperament to be an architect.
iv. He made an unexpected (announce) of his transfer.
Answer:
He made an unexpected announcement of his transfer.
v. This technology has many practical (apply).
Answer:
This technology has many practical applications.
vi. Her dance (perform) got worldwide fame.
Answer:
Her dance performance got worldwide fame.
vii. There was a look of (satisfy) on his face.
Answer:
There was a look of satisfaction on his face.
viii. The cause of the fire is still under (investigate).
Answer:
The cause of the fire is still under investigation.
Question 6:
Find the right meaning
Choose the correct meaning of the words in bold type from the alternatives given below.
i. Globalization has changed our lifestyle.
a. fashion
b. way of living
c. life saving
Answer:
b. way of living
ii. His strange behaviour astonished me.
a. surprised ‘
b. apologized
c. applied
Answer:
a. surprised
iii. Regular exercise avoids risks of health.
a. changes in the body
b. chances of danger or damage
c. choices of people
Answer:
b. chances of danger or damage
iv. Planting more trees is an easy cure to stop pollution.
a. easy care
b. easy finding
c. easy solution
Answer:
c. easy solution
Question 7:
Complete the sentences
Select appropriate word from the story and complete the following sentences.
i. Considering the health problems, many TV channels arrange programmes to suggest a ______ for them.
ii. Mother ______ an ointment on the bruised foot of Sanjana.
iii. Mr. Mohit _______ a bypass surgery last week.
iv. Some poachers are ______ for illegal actions in the sanctuary.
v. ______ is being consulted by those who do not believe in their own efforts.
Answer:
i. cure
ii. applied
iii. underwent
iv. imprisoned
V. An astrologer
Question 8:
Visit to a Library
Visit the library and find story books where you can find wit and humour. Character of Tenali Raman as well as character of Birbal express wit and presence of mind through their actions and thoughts. Collect stories of this type. Write as you understand them in your own words.
[Students are expected to perform this activity on their own.]
Question 9:
Developing a story
Look at the following sentences. Select any one and ask questions to yourself to develop a full story.
Steps and Stages:
• Read the points or ideas
• Collect your own words
• Arrange in sequence
• Use variety of sentences
• Use joining words
• Make use of dialogues
• Consider the proper tense
• Use of appropriate words / phrases
• Use of appropriate idioms
• Suggest a suitable title
Answer:
i. Name the character of your story.
ii. What is his problem?
iii. What was the cause of the problem?
iv. What kind of a life is he leading now?
v. What other problems is he suffering from?
vi. What advices are given to him by family and friends?
vii. What do the doctors advice?
viii. What are the risks he is likely to face?
ix. What is the solution to this problem?
x. What do we learn from this story?
The tendency of obesity causes many problems:
Healthy Living, Healthy Life
Mr. Rao retired after working in a bank for about forty years. He was known as an active employee, always ready to help others. He maintained a good physique. After his retirement, however, he had nothing to do. In the quest of leading a tension-free life, he became a potato couch. He began spending all his time watching TV and reading books. During this period, he kept munching on oily and unhealthy snacks. As the days passed, he put on a lot of weight and invited a bundle of health problems like hypertension and diabetes. Many people advised him to follow a healthy diet. But he did not pay heed to them and his condition went from bad to worse. One day, he suffered from a minor heart attack and was told by the doctor that his obesity was the reason for it. He realised his mistake of leading an inactive life. He wanted to improve his health and so, he began his day with a morning walk, followed by yoga. Apart from taking medicines, he paid attention to his diet. After six months, he started losing weight and his medical problems became less severe. It is therefore essential for each one of us to take care of our health by exercising and eating healthy food.
Question 10:
Talk
Go through the story quickly, and discuss with your partner, the different traits of King Krishnadeva Raya’s personality and give a talk on “King Krishnadeva Raya”.
Language support
Use the following points:
i. His lifestyle
ii. His temperament
iii. His non-cooperative nature
iv. Precarious situation
V. Tenali’s witty advice
vi. Realized his mistake
Hints
While you relate the story take care of the following:
• Sound • Pronunciation
• Intonation • Pauses
• Connecting devices
• Variety of sentences
Ans: Initially, Krishnadeva Raya led an ideal life with good health. Once he started leading a sedentary life, he developed. bad habits like overeating and performing less or no physical activity. He grew fat and heavy. He did not pay any heed to the cautions of the Royal Priests, who warned him about the risk that obesity posed to his life. Instead he got irritated by the constant suggestions and dared people to give him an easy solution. The only condition was that if the solution was not successful, the advisor would be beheaded. This shows that the king was short tempered and lacked patience. Finally, he fell prey to Tenali Raman’s plan. According to the plan, an astrologer predicted that the king had only one month to live. Now, the frightened king hardly ate anything. Its positive outcome was that the king became slim and healthy. This situation was an eye opener to the king and he promised never to be a victim of bad habits again .