NEET Biology Chapter Wise Mock Test – Excretory Products and Their Elimination
1. In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by the
(a) Ornithine cycle
(b) Coifs’ cycle
(c) Krebs’ cycle
(d) pathway
2. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised in
(a) kidney but eliminated mostly through liver
(b) kidney as well as eliminated by kidneys
(c) liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
(d) the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys
3. Ammonia is converted into urea in
(a) liver
(b) stomach
(c) pancreas
(d) intestine
4. Which one of the following is metabolic waste of protein metabolism?
(a) Urea, ammonia and C02
(b) Urea, ammonia and creatinine
(c) Urea, ammonia and alanine
(d) Urea, nitrogen and 02
5. In Ornithine cycle, which of the following wastes are removed from the blood?
(a) Urea and urine
(b) Ammonia and urea
(c) C02 and ammonia
(d) C02 and urea
6. Which one is an accessory excretory organ?
(a) Liver
(b) Stomach
(c) Testis
(d) Heart
7. Creatinine is not produced by
(a) children
(b) pregnant women
(c) fasting persons
(d) healthy males
8. In human, the waste products of nucleotide metabolism are excreted as
(a) ammonia
(b) uric acid
(c) urea
(d) amino acid
9. The conversion of a protein waste, ammonia into urea, occurs in
(a) kidneys
(b) lungs
(c) intestine
(d) liver
10. Conversion of ammonia into amino acid is called
(a) nitrification
(b) ammonification
(c) denitrification
(d) deamination
11. The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic form among them.
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Ammonia
(d) Carbon dioxide
12. A large quantity of one of the following is removed from our body by lungs
(a) C02 Only
(b)H2OOnly
(c) C02 and H20
(d)NH3
13. A terrestrial animal must be able to
(a) excrete large amount of water in urine
(b) conserve water
(c) actively pump salts out through the skin
(d) excrete large amount of salts in urine
14. In Hydra, wastes of food digestion and nitrogenous wastes are removed from
(a) mouth and mouth
(b) mouth and tentacles
(c) body wall and body wall
(d) mouth and body wall
15. Aquatic reptiles are
(a) ammonotelic
(b) uricotelic
(c) ammonotelic in water and uricotelic on land
(d) ureotelic
16. The kidney of an adult frog is
(a) pronephros
(b) mesonephros
(c) metanephros
(d) None of these
17. Excretory system of housefly is
(a) flame cells
(b) Keber’s organ
(c) nephridia
(d) Malpighian tubules
18. The enteronephric nephridia of earthworm are mainly concerned with
(a) digestion
(b) respiration
(c) osmoregulation
(d) excretion of nitrogenous wastes
19. Flame cells are excretory organs of
(a) prawn
(b) Planaria.
(c) silver fish
(d) Hydra
20. Mesonephric kidney is found in
(a) Aves
(b) Reptilia
(c) Amphibia
(d) Mammalia
21. Earthworms are
(a) ureotelic, when plenty of water is available
(b) uricotelic, when plenty of water is available
(c) uricotelic, under conditions of water scarcity
(d) ammonotelic, when plenty of water is available
22. Which of the following pairs of organisms is uricotelic?
(a) Reptiles and mammals
(b) Cartilaginous fish and mammals
(c) Birds and insects
(d) Bony fish and lizards
23. Malpighian tubules remove excretory products from
(a) haemolymph
(b) alimentary canal
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) cloaca
24. Which one of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces
(b) Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis
(c) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is called the renal corpuscle
(d) Renal corpuscle, Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney
25. Which of the following pairs is wrong?
(a) Uricotelic — Birds
(b) Ureotelic — Insects
(c) Ammonotelic —Tadpole
(d) Ureotelic — Elephant
26.The nitrogenous metabolic waste in Hydra is mosly
(a)ammonia and is removed from whole surface of body
(b)urea and is removed mainly by tentacles
(c)rea and is removed from whole surface of body
(d)uric acid and is removed from whole surface of body
27. Common excretory product of insects is
(a) Ammonia
(b) urea
(c) uric acid
(d) hippuric acid .
28. Most commonly kidney of adult reptiles are
(a) mesonephric
(b) metanephric
(c) pronephric
(d) opisthonephric
29. Excretion of nitrogenous waste product in semisolid form occurs in
(a) ureotelic animals
(b) ammonotelic animals
(c) uricotelic animals
(d) amniotes
30. Ammonia is changed to uric acid in the liver of
(a) ammonotelic animals
(b) uricotelic animals
(c) ureotelic animals
(d) ornithotelic animals
31. In which pair, both the organisms are ammonotelic?
(a) Salamander and tadpole
(b) Frog and human
(c) Bony fish and toad
(d) Frog and toad
32. Kidney of amniotes belongs to the following
(a) pronephros
(b) mesonephros
(c) metanephrds
(d) archaenephros
33. Cockroach are
(a) ureotetic
(b) ureotelic or ammonotelic
(c) uricotelic
(d) ammonotelic
34. In the birds, faeces is actually the black part. The white part is a substance called
(a) urea
(b) ammonia
(c) uric acid
(d) faecal material and urea
35. Different types of excretory structures column I and animals column II are given below. Match them appropriately and mark the correct answer from among those given below:
Codes
ABCD ABCD
(a) 4 3 2 1 (b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 4 3 1 2 (d) 1 3 2 4
36. Uricotelism is found in
(a) mammals and birds
(b) fishes and freshwater protozoans
(c) birds, reptiles and insects
(d) frogs and toads
37. Pigeon excretes
(a) urea
(b) ammonia
(c) uric acid
(d) None of these
38. Nitrogen waste in the form of uric acid is excreted by
(a) Amoeba
(b) dog fish
(c) rabbit
(d) crow
39. Urinary bladder is absent in
(a) aves
(b) reptiles
(c) amphibians
(d) mammals
40. Excretory wastes of birds and reptiles are
(a) urea
(b) uric acid
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) ammonia and uric acid
41. Loop of Henle is meant for absorption of
(a) potassium
(b) glucose
(c) water
(d) C02
42. Mammalian kidney is
(a) mesonephric
(b) pronephric
(c) metanephric
(d) None of these
43. What is wrong about kidney?
(a) Peripheral cortex and central medulla present
(b) Blood enters glomerulus through different arterioles
(c) Malpighian capsules occur in cortex
(d) Concave part of kidney is called hilus
44. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces
(b) Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis
(c) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is called the renal corpuscle
(d) Renal corpuscle, Proximal Covoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney
45. If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?
(a) There will be no urine formation
(b) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
(c) The urine will be more concentrated
(d) The urine will be more diluted
46. Podocytes are the cells, which are present on
(a) neck of nephron
(b) the wall of Bowman’s capsule
(c) outer wall of loop of Henle
(d) wall of glomerular capillaries
47. Hyperosmotic urine secretion depends upon
(a) width of Bowman’s capsule
(b) length of loop of Henle .
(c) length of proximal convoluted tubules
(d) length of distal convoluted tubules
48. Which one is the excretory cell in the following?
(a) Archaeocyte
(b) Choanocyte
(c) Pinacocyte
(d) Solenocyte
49. Bowman’s capsule is found in
(a) glomerulus
(b) uriniferous tubule
(c) nephron
(d) Malpighian capsule
50. Urine is concentrated in loop of Henle in
(a) descending limb
(b) think ascending limb
(c) hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs
(d) area between ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule
51. In which of the following regions of a nephron, does maximum reabsorption of useful substances take place?
(a) Henle’s loop
(b) Glomerulus
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
52. Number of nephron of a kidney is equal to
(a) sum of Bowman’s capsules and glomeruli
(b) sum of Bowman’s capsules and Malpighian corpuscles
(c) double the number of Bowman’s capsule
(d) number of Bowman’s capsules
53. Ciliated funnels on the ventral side of the kidney of frog are
(a) Bidder’s organs
(b) nephrostomes
(c) ostia
(d) corpora adipose
54. Bowman’s capsule is constituent of
(a) renal artery
(b) ureter
(c) uriniferous tubule
(d) renal portal vein
55. Uriniferous tubules are present in
(a) testis
(b) kidney
(c) ovary
(d) urinary bladder
56. Bowman’s capsules are all embedded in
(a) hilum of kidney
(b) cortex of kidney
(c) pyramids of kidney
(d) medulla of kidney
57. Henle’s loops is present in
(a) lungs
(b) liver
(c) nephron
(d) brain
58. Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys in correct?
(a) Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
(b) Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HC03
(c) Nearly 99% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
(d) Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes
59. The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
(a) 20 mmHg
(b) 75 mmHg
(c) 30 mmHg
(d) 50 mmHg
60. Which one does not enter nephron?
(a) Water
(b) Glucose
(c) Plasma proteins
(d) Urea
61. Filtration occurs in
(a) Bowman’s capsule
(b) glomerulus
(c) Malpighian body
(d) ureter
62. Which one is not present in nephric filtrate?
(a) Penicillin
(b) Amino acids
(c) Vitamins
(d) Water
63. Amount of glomerular filtrate formed per day is
(a) 50 L
(b) 180 L
(c) 250 L
(d) 1000 L
64. Glomerular filtrate is
(a) blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma protein
(b) blood minus corpuscles
(c) mixture of water, ammonia and corpuscles
(d) urine
65. Which is the principal site for concentration of urine?
(a) Loop of Henle
(b) Glomerulus
(c) PCT
(d) DCT
66. The reabsorption of ions by tubules of kidney is enhanced by
(a) cortisol
(b) aldosterone
(c) calciferol
(d) erythropoietin
67. Henle’s distal convoluted tubule is permeable to
(a) K+ ions
(b) Na+ions
(c) CP ions
(d) All of these
68. If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the tissues would
(a) remain unaffected
(b) shrink and shrivel
(c) absorb water from blood plasma
(d) take more 02 from blood
69. Part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
(a) PCT
(b) ascending limb of Henle’s loop
(c) Bowman’s capsule
(d) DCT
70. Glucose is mainly absorbed in
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Henle’s loop
(d) Nephron
71. In nephrons, there is complete absorption of
(a) urea
(b) salt
(c) glucose
(d) water
72. Reabsorption of chloride ions from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubule occurs by
(a) active transport
(b) diffusion
(c) osmosis
(d) Brownian movement
73. In nephron, water absorption is maximum in
(a) proximal convoluted tubules
(b) loop of Henle
(c) glomerulus
(d) distal convoluted tubules
74. Match the following columns.
Codes
A B C D E
(a) 3 5 4 2 1
(b) 3 4 1 5 2
(c) 1 3 2 5 4
(d) 3 1 4 5 2
75. Concentration of inorganic salts in normal urine of a human being is
(a) 0.15%
(b) 0.25%
(c) 1.5%
(d) 2.5%
76. The yellow colour of urine is due to
(a) urochrome
(b) bilirubin
(c) biliverdin
(d) xanthophyll
77. pH of human urine
(a) 9
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) 3
78. A person, who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have
(a) more sodium in his urine
(b) less amino acids in his urine
(c) more glucose in his blood
(d) less urea in his urine
79. If excess water passes out from the tissue, without being restored by the kidneys the cells would
(a) not be affected at all
(b) shrivel and die
(c) burst, open and die
(d) take water from the plasma
80. Concentration of urine in organisms depends upon
(a) length of loop of Henle
(b) PCT
(c) DCT
(d) intake of water
81. If a man is starving and also without beverages there will be
(a) more urea in blood
(b) less urea in blood
(c) more uric acid in blood
(d) less urea in urine
82. Which of the following is both osmoregulator as well as nitrogenous product?
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Uric acid
(d) All Of these
83. Volume of urine is regulated by
(a) aldosterone
(b) aldosterone and ADH
(c) aldosterone, ADH and testosterone
(d) ADH
84. Which one of the following statements is correct with
respect to salt water balance inside the body of living organisms?
(a) When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues
(b) Salmon fish excretes lot of stored salt through gill membrane when in freshwater
(c) Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles
(d) The body fluids of freshwater animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water
85. Which ones influence the activity of kidneys?
(a) Vasopressin
(b) Thyroxin
(c) Vasopressin and aldosterone
(d) Gonadotrophin
86. We can produce a concentrated/dilute urine. This is facilitated by a special mechanism. Identify the mechanism.
(a) Reabsorption from PCT
(b) Reabsorption from collecting duct
(c) Reabsorption/Secretion in DCT
(d) Counter current mechanism in Henle’s loop/vasa recta
87. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) ADH prevents conversion of angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin
(b) Aldosterone facilitates water reabsorption
(c) ANF enhances sodium reabsorption
(d) Renin causes vasodilation
88. A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called
(a) deamination
(b) nocturia
(c) anuria
(d) dysuria
89. Haematuria means
(a) RBC in the urine
(b) WBC in the urine
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) large amount of urine
90. Kidney stones are crystals of
(a) sodium chloride
(b) silica
(c) calcium oxalate
(d) potassium chloride
91. A man takes large amount of proteins. He is likely to excrete a greater amount of
(a) urea
(b) uric acid
(c) sugar
(d) None of these
92. A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of
(a) fats
(b) ketones
(c) amino acids
(d) glucose
93. Blood in urine is
(a) glycosuria
(b) haematuria
(c) oligouria
(d) anuria
94. Uremia is the occurrence of
(a) blood in urine
(b) excess of urea in blood
(c) excess of sugar in blood
(d) deficiency of sugar
95. Uric acid gets deposited in small joints to produce
(a) rheumatoid arthritis
(b) gout
(c) osteoarthritis
(d) bursitis
96. Which of the following is the most toxic waste matter?
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Ammonia
(d) Hippuric acid
97. Dialysing unit (artificial kidney) contains a fluid, which is almost same as plasma except that it has
(a) high glucose
(b) high urea
(c) no urea
(d) high uric acid
98. Match the following columns.
Codes
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4 (b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 4 2 3 1
99. During hemodialysis process
I. blood is drained from . a convenient artery and anticoagulant is added (heparin).
II. removal of nitrogenous waste from blood.
III. blood is passed through a coiled porous cellophane membrane of tube bathing in dialysis fluid.
IV. blood is mixed with antiheparin and passed into vein. Arrange the steps.
(a) I, II, III, IV (b) IV, III, il, I (c) I, III, II, IV (d) I, IV, II, III
Direction (Q. Nos. 100-104) In each of the following questions a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason just below it. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
100. Assertion Nephrons of some fishes (Arctic) do not use ultrafiltration to form the initial urine.
Reason Ultrafiltration in these fishes would potentially be lost to the antifreeze molecules.
101. Assertion The renal tubule is the site of reabsorption of substances.
Reason The renal tubule is the site of secretion of substances.
102. Assertion Open circulatory system is found is most arthropods.
Reason Arthropods contain haemolymph, which directly bath internal tissues and organs.
103. Assertion Phenylketonuria is a recessive hereditary disease caused by body’s failure to oxidise an amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine, because of defective enzyme. ‘
Reason It results in the presence of phenylalanine acid in urine.
104. Assertion Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thirst of water.
Reason Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
105. Match the following columns.
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 5 2 1
(c) 4 1 2 5
(d) 1 2 4 5
106. Match the following columns.
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 5
(b) 2 5 4 1
(c) 3 4 5 1 –
(d) 4 1 2 3
107. The body cells in cockroach discharge theirN nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of
(a) ammonia
(b) potassium urate
(c) urea
(d) calcium carbonate
108.Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in
(a) more diluted urine
(b) more concentrated urine
(c) no change in quality and quantity of urine
(d) no urine formation ,
109 Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
(a) Alcohol
(b) Caffeine
(c) Renin
(d) Atrial-natriuretic factor
110. Human urine is usually acidic because
(a) the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries
(b) excreted plasma proteins are acidic
(c) potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity
(d) hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
111. Which of the following causes an increases in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
(a) Increase in aldosterone levels
(b) Increases in antidiuretic hormone levels
(c) Decrease in aldosterone levels
(d) Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels
112. Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and / or fuctions.
(a) B-Pelvis-broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle
(b) C-Medulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons
(c) D-Cortex-outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons
(d) A-Adrenal gland-located at the anterior part of kidney Secrete Catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen break down
113. The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
(a) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(b) Distal convoluted tubule –
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) Descending limb of loop of Henle
114. Function of ADH is
(a) reabsorption of water
(b) reabsorption of sodium
(c) diluting the urine
(d) increasing sugar level in urine
115. Consider the following four statements (l-IV) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these
I. Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno-suppresants for a long time.
II. The cell-mediated immune response, is responsible for the graft rejection.
III. The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft.
IV. The acceptance of rejection of a kidney transplant depends On specific interferons.
The two correct statements are
(a) II and III (b) III and IV
(c) I and III (d) I and II
Answers :
