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NEET Biology Notes Structural Organisation in Animals Earthworm

NEET Biology Notes Structural Organisation in Animals Earthworm

Earthworm

Earthworm

  • It inhibits the upper layer of moist soil, can be traced by their faecal deposits called worm castings.Morphology
  • Cylindrical, divided into similar segments (metameres). First body segment, peristomiun contain the mouth. Segments 14-16 in mature worm covered by a prominent dark band of glandular tissue, clitellum. Four pairs of spermathecal aperture on ventro-lateral sides of intersegmental grooves i.e. 5-9 segments. A pair of male genital pore and a single female genital pores is present on ventro-lateral side of 14th and 18th segment respectively.

Anatomy of Earthworm

  • Alimentary canal straight. Calciferous glands, present in stomach, neutralise the humic acid present in humus. Typhlosole present between 26-35 segment.
  • Circulatory system closed type. No specialised breathing devices.
  • Respiratory exchange through moist body surface.
  • Excretory organ nephridia (3 types, septal integumentary and pharyngeal).
  • Nervous system represented by ganglia.
  • Sensory system no eyes but light and touch sensitive organs. Special chemoreceptors (taste receptors) react to chemical stimuli.
  • Reproduction — Sexual
  • Development — Direct.

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