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NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons – Alkynes

NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons – Alkynes

Alkynes

Alkynes

Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons. They contain at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n _ 2
NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 1
Physical Properties of Alkynes

  • All alkynes are odourless, however acetylene has garlic smell due to the impurity of phosphine.
  •  The melting and boiling points of alkynes are slightly higher than those of the corresponding alkenes and alkanes.

Chemical Properties of Alkynes

The alkynes exhibit the chemical properties as listed below:

  •  Electrophilic Additidn Reactions
    NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 2
    NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 3
    The reaction, called hydration of alkynes, is used commercially for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones.

Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 4
Reactions Showing Acidic Character of Alkynes

Terminal alkynes have acidic H because C—H bond has ionic character due to resonance
NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 5

Oxidation

Oxidation by acidic KMn04 (hot)

NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 6
NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 7
Wilkinson’s catalyst reduces alkenes and alkynes without affecting common functional groups such as C = O,—CN and —N02 etc.

Polymerisation

Linear polymerisation Ethyne undergoes linear polymerisation under suitable conditions to produce polyacetylene or polyethyne,
NEET Chemistry Notes Hydrocarbons - Alkynes 8

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