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Phylum Ctenophora and Phylum Platyhelminthes

Exploring Biology Topics can reveal the incredible complexity and interconnectedness of living systems.

Phylum Ctenophora & Phylum Platyhelminthes – Characteristics and Examples

Phylum Ctenophora (Gr., ktenos – comb; phora – carrying)
1. Transparent body with biradial symmetry. Triploblastic.

2. Two tentacles and eight longitudinal rows of ciliary comb-plates for locomotion are present.

3. Marine, solitary and free-swimming.

Phylum Ctenophora and Phylum Platyhelminthes

4. Nematocysts are absent but colloblasts (adhesive cells) are present. Ctenophora.

5. No polymorphism or dimorphism occurs.

Examples: Pleurobrachia (comb jelly), Cestum (Venus’s girdle), Ctenoplana, Beroe (sea mitres).

Phylum Ctenophora and Phylum Platyhelminthes 1

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Gr., platys – flat; helmins – worm; Flatworms)
1. Bilaterally symmetrical (i.e. the left and right halves of the body have the same design) and dorsoventrally flattened animals.

2. Body thin, soft, leaf-like, or ribbon-like.

3. They are triploblastic animals implying that their tissues differentiate from three embryonic germ layers. They are without a body cavity (acoelomate animals).

4. Digestive cavity (when present) with a single opening, the mouth (anus is absent).

5. Suckers and hooks are usually present.

6. Circulatory and respiratory systems and skeleton are absent.

Phylum Ctenophora and Phylum Platyhelminthes 2

7. Excretory system consists of blind tubules called protonephridia. The blind end of a tubule bears a tuft of cilia or a flagellum and is called a flame bulb or flame cell.

8. Hermaphrodite, i.e., both male and female reproductive organs occur in the same individual.

9. The turbellarians are free-living, aquatic, both marine and freshwater and a few are terrestrial. Trematodes and cestodes are parasitic.

Examples:
Class 1. Turbellaria – Dugesza, Planaria; Class 2. Trematoda – Fasciola (liver-fluke), Schistosoma (blood-fluke); Class 3. Cestoda – Taenza solium (pork tape-worm)

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