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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2

Avail Comprehensive Maths NCERT Solutions for Ex 3.2 Class 10 Pair of Linear Equations in Two variables prepared by subject experts as per the latest edition of CBSE Guidelines.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2 are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2.

  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.1
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.2
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.3
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.4
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.5
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.6
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Ex 3.7
Board CBSE
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 10
Subject Maths
Chapter Chapter 3
Chapter Name Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Exercise Ex 3.2
Number of Questions Solved 7
Category NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2

Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 1.
 Form the pair of linear equations of the following problems and find their solutions graphically:
(i) 10 students of class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost ₹46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.
Solution:
Let the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz be x and y respectively.
Then according to the question: we have:
x + y = 10       …(i)
and y = x + 4   …(ii)
For graphical representation:
From equation (i), we have: y = 10 – x
When x = 2, then y = 10 – 2 = 8
When x = 5, then y = 10 – 5 = 5
When x = 3, then y= 10 -3 = 7
Thus, we have the following table of solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 1
From equation (ii), we have:     y =   x + 4
When x = 2, then y     = 2 +  4   = 6
When x = 3, then y       = 3 +  4   = 7
When x = 4, then y     = 4 +  4   = 8
Thus, we have the following table of solutions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 2
Plotting the points of each table of solutions, we obtain the graphs of two lines, which intersect at a point P(3, 7). Therefore, the solution is x = 3 and y = 7.
Thus, the number of boys = 3 and the
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 3

(ii) Let the cost of one pencil be ₹x
and the cost of one pen be ₹y
Then according to the question, we have:
5x + 7y = 50         …(i)
and 7x + 5y = 46      …(ii)
For graphical representation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 4

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 5
Thus, we have the following table of solutions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 6
Plotting the points of each table of solutions, we obtain the graphs of two lines intersecting at a point P(3, 5). Therefore, the solution is x = 3 and y = 5.
Thus, the cost of one pencil is ₹3 and that of one pen is ₹5.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 7

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 2.
On comparing the ratios \(\frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } }\), \(\frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } }\)
and \(\frac { { c }_{ 1 } }{ { c }_{ 2 } }\) , find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0, 7x + 6y – 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0, 18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0, 2x -y + 9 = 0
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 8
Hence, the lines intersect at a point.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 9
Hence, the lines are coincident,
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 10
Hence, the pair of linear equations has no solution, i.e., the lines are parallel.

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 3.
On comparing the ratios \(\frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } }\), \(\frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } }\)
and \(\frac { { c }_{ 1 } }{ { c }_{ 2 } }\), find out whether the following pairs of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 11
Solution:
(i) 3x + 2y – 5 = 0
2x – 3y – 7 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 = -5
a2= 2, b2 = -3, c2 = -7
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 12
Hence, this pair of linear equations is consistent.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 13
Hence, this pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 14
Hence, this pair of linear equations is consistent.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 15
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 16
Hence, this pair of linear equations is consistent.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 17
Hence, this pair of linear equations is consistent

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 4.
Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the solution graphically.
(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10
(ii) x-y – 8, 3x – 3y = 16
(iii) 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
Solution:

(i) x + y – 5, 2x + 2y = 10
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 18
Here,
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 19

∴ System of equations is consistent and the graph gr represents coincident lines.
Table for equation (i),
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 20

Table for equation (ii),
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 21

(ii)
x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 16
Here \(\frac { a_{ 1 } }{ a_{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 3 } ,\)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 22

Pair of equations is inconsistent. Hence, lines are parallel and
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 23


(iii)
2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 24
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 25
Pair of equations is consistent.
Table for equation 2x + y – 6 = ()
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 26
Table for equation 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 27
(iv)
2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 28
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 29

∴ Pair of equations is inconsistent. Hence, lines are parallel and system has no solution.

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 5.
Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden graphically.
Solution:
Let the length of the garden be x m and its breadth be y m.
Then according to the question, we have:
x = y + 4
⇒  x-y = 4  …(i)
and x+y = 36    …(ii)
For graphical representation:
From equation (i), we have: y = x- 4
When x = 10, then y = 10 – 4 = 6
When x = 12, then y -12-4 = 8
When x = 20, then y = 20 – 4 = 16
Thus, we have the following table of solutions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 30
From equation (ii), we have: y = 36
When x = 20, then y = 36 – 20 = 16
When x – 24, then y = 36 – 24 = 12
When x = 12, then y = 36 – 12 = 24
Thus, we have the following table of solutions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 31
Plotting the points of each table of solutions, we obtain the graphs of two lines intersecting at P(20, 16).
Therefore, the solution is x = 20 and y = 16.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 32
Thus, the length of the garden is 20 m and its breadth is 16 m.

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 6.
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Solution:
Given equation is 2x + 3y – 8 – 0
We have 2x + 3y = 8
Let required equation be ax + by = c
Condition :
(i) For intersecting lines
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 33
\(\frac { 2 }{ a } \neq \frac { 3 }{ b } \neq \frac { 8 }{ c }\) where a, b, c can have any value which satisfy the above condition.
Let a = 3, b = 2, c = 4
so, \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \neq \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \neq \frac { 8 }{ 4 }\)
∴ Equations are 2v + 3y = 8 and 3A + 2y = 4 have unique solution and their geometrical representation shows intersecting lines.

(ii) Given equation is 2x + 3y = 8 Required equation be ax + by = c
Condition :
For parallel lines
\(\frac { 2 }{ a } \neq \frac { 3 }{ b } \neq \frac { 8 }{ c }\)
where a, b, c can have any value which satisfy the above condition.
Let, a = 2, b = 3, c = 4
Required equation will be 2x + 3y = 4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 34
Equations 2x + 3y = 8 and 2x + 3y = 4 have no solution and their geometrical representation shows parallel lines.

(iii)
For coincident lines:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 35
Given equation is 2x + 3y = 8 Let required equation be ax + by = c For coincident lines.
\(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } =\frac { 3 }{ 2 } =\frac { 8 }{ 4 } \) where a, b, c can have any a b c possible value which satisfy the above condition.
Let a = 4, b = 6, c = 16 Required equation will be 4x + 6y = 16.
Equations 2x + 3y = 8 and 4x + 6y = 16 have infinitely many solutions and their geometrical representation shows coincident lines.

Ex 3.2 Class 10  Maths Question 7.
Draw the, graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.
Solution:
Given: x – y +1 = 0      … (i)
3x + 2y – 12 = 0    … (ii)
From equation (i), we have:
y = x+ 1
When x = 0, then y = 0 + 1 = 1
When x = 1, then y =1 + 1 = 2
When x = 3, then y = 3 + 1 = 4
When x = -1, then y = -1 + 1 = 0
Thus, we have the following table of solutions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 36
Plotting the points on a graph paper, we get the shaded triangle ABC with vertices A(2, 3), B(-l, 0) and C(4, 0).
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables e2 37

 

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