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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – To My Beloved Motherland, India

Pre-reading Activities

Question 1:
Unity in Diversity
We know that India is a land of diversity. Form groups of four students each and complete the following table. Remember to write down the points that reveal the unity.
Answer:

Question 2:
Our Heroes
Look at the photographs in your textbook and complete the following table. Within your group select the personality and after discussion complete the following table. The group leader will present the information to the class.

Answer:

Question 3:
Duty towards the Motherland .
Form pairs and complete the web with appropriate responses. Think how you would like to serve the Motherland.

Answer:
i. Spread feeling of brotherhood
ii. Preserve historical monuments
iii. Help the poor
iv. Mutual trust and respect
v. Maintain unity
vi. Protect from enemies

Question 1:
Read the extract carefully and state whether the following statements are True or False.
i. The poet’s heart fills with sorrow for being bom here.
ii. India is referred to as the Motherland of the poet.
iii. The poet’s ancestors came from some other country.
iv. He will not spare any alien for a sum.
v. The soil has given him food to eat.
Answer:
i. False
ii. True
iii. False
iv. True
v. True

Question 2:
Match column A with B.


Answer:
(i – f), (ii – a), (iii – b), (iv – c), (v – d), (vi – e), (vii – h), (viii – i), (ix – g)

Question 3:
Match the following expressions from the extract.

Answer:
(i – c), (ii – d), (iii – a), (iv – b)

A2. Understanding the Extract

i. Answer in a paragraph.
Question 1:
Who is proud to be the son of India?
Answer:
The poet is proud to be the son of India.

Question 2:
Why does the narrator fell proud?
Answer:
The poet is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of the Motherland. He would protect and safeguard it and is not ready to give even an inch of it to an alien in exchange of money

Question 3:
When is the poet’s soul filled with anguish?
Answer:
The poet’s soul is filled with anguish to see the havoc done to his Motherland.

Question 4:
Who is referred to as beloved in the poem?
Answer:
The poet’s motherland-India is referred to as beloved in the poem.

Question 5:
What should not be spared for a sum?
Answer:
Even an inch of the Motherland should not be spared to an alien for a sum.

Question 6:
Why is the poet not ready to give an inch of land?
Answer:
The poet is not ready to give an inch of land because it is his Motherland. It is the place where he was bom and his ancestors came from. He loves and respects his Motherland. So, he is not ready to give it to anyone.

Question 7:
What are the things that the poet has received from his Motherland?
OR
Mention the things received by the poet from his Motherland.
Answer:
The poet’s Motherland is the place where he had taken his first breath. The soil of his Motherland has given him food to eat and water to quench his thirst. The poet says that his Motherland has given him his heartbeat.

Question 8:
What is the poet ready to sacrifice for the Motherland?
Answer:
The poet is ready to sacrifice his life, his blood for the Motherland. ‘

Question 9:
What is the poet ready to do for the sake of the Motherland?
Answer:
Carter and wealth. He is ready to shed his blood anytime in future for his Motherland.

Question 10:
Complete the web with suitable responses. Write all the things the poet is ready to do for the motherland.

Answer:
i. adorn his Motherland with his life
ii. reduce all the havoc done to his Motherland
iii. protect every inch of his Motherland from aliens
iv. keep the dignity of his Motherland unchallenged

A3. Vocabulary

Question 1:
Glance through the extract and you will come across many words that are now old fashioned. Make a list of such words along in the table?

Answer:

Question 2:
Form a pair and find out the various rhyming words from the extract. Complete the following table after reading the extract.

Answer:

Question 3:
Find the rhyming words from the poem for:
i. dart ii. stare
Answer:
i. heart
ii. spare

Question 4:
Find and write down from the extract the words that describe the following.
i. Situation in which a lot of damage, destruction, etc. happens.
ii. Coming from a different country, race or group.
Answer:
i. havoc ii. alien

Question 5:
Find from the extract opposites of the following words.
i. sorrow ii. death
iii. last
Answer:
i. joy
ii. life
iii. first

Additional Questions for Practice

Question 1:
Read poem again the and after discussing with your partner answer the following questions.
*a. Why does the narrator feel proud?
Answer:
The narrator feels proud because he is a son of India. He also feels proud for taking birth in India.

*b. What feeling does the poem create in your mind?
Answer:
The poem evokes a patriotic feeling in my mind. It inspires me to respect and be proud of my motherland. It fills my heart with a strong desire to protect and safeguard it by sacrificing my life, if needed.

c. Are you proud of being an Indian? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I am proud of being an Indian. I feel that India offers a lot of career opportunities to students and people here are warm and welcoming. We have a rich cultural heritage and we celebrate vibrant festivals throughout the year. Our land is blessed with natural beauty. Apart from that, we are making progress towards being a developed country. With all these qualities, India is indeed a nation one can be proud of.

Question 2:
Complete
Look at the following starting expressions. Complete them with the thoughts of your own. One is done for yoii.
For example:
This is the place ……………….
This is the place of my dream.
i. This is the place of ……………..
Answer:
This is the place of my ancestors.

ii. This is the country ……………..
Answer:
This is the country of rich and varied heritage.

iii. This is the school ……………..
Answer:
This is the school that taught me to be myself.

iv. This is the family ……………
Answer:
This is the family that inculcated good values in me.

v. This is the mother ………………
Answer:
This is the mother who nurtured me with love and care.

Question 3:
Observing a poem
Observe the poem again with the following things in mind.
i. Number of stanzas ………..
Answer:
There are four stanzas in the poem.

ii. Number of lines in each stanza ………….
Answer:
There are four lines in each of the first three stanzas. There are only two lines in the last . stanza.

iii. Total number of lines …………….
Answer:
There are 14 lines in the poem.
This poem is a ‘sonnet’ where the 14 lines are broken down into sections called quatrains. The first three quatrains contain four lines each and the last quatrain contains two lines.

Question 4:
Changing word-order
i. Look at a line taken from the poem and the sentence prepared by changing the order of words.
a. Even an inch of it, I cannot hand, Now read..
Answer:
I cannot hand even an inch of the land.

b. Observe which line makes the meaning more clear.
Answer:
Line (b) makes the meaning more clear. It is written in the correct prose order (subject + verb + object).

ii. Now, select any line from the poem and change the word order and rewrite.
Answer:
a. My heart with joy leaps for being here bom
Correct order: My heart leaps with joy for being bom here.
b. My soul with anguish fills for havoc done
Correct order: My soul fills with anguish for havoc done.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions

Question 5:
Be a poet
Look at the expressions that begin with
My India, I am ………………..

Now, try to complete these lines in the way you feel appropriate.
Answer:
My India, I am glad to be your son.
This is the air that gives life to each one.
This is the soil so very fertile.
This is the water that flows for a mile.
This is the place where the sun shines bright.

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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Food as Love

Pre-reading Activities

Question 1:
Menu Card
You have visited a hotel with your friends. Here is a menu-card. Read it and discuss which food items you would like to order. Give reasons for it.
Why not the other food items? Give reasons.
Answer:
If I visited a hotel that provided the food mentioned in the given menu-card, I would choose veg. noodles and veg. fried rice from the ‘Our Speciality’ section, as I am a vegetarian. These dishes are not too spicy and they contain a lot of vegetables. From the ‘Deshi food’ section, I would prefer zunkabhakari, dal khichadi and bhaji bhakari because these dishes are nutritious and easy to digest. I would opt for puran poll as a sweet dish because it is my favourite. I would avoid ordering varan bhat, even though I like it, because I eat it almost every day at home. Other items made of potatoes and matki would surely be left out because they are oily and contain high amount of calories.
[Note: The above answer is given for reference. Students can take a cue from it and answer the question on their own ]

Question 2:
Food
When you look at a perfect dish, which things appeal to you? Discuss with your partner and complete the following web.

Answer:
i. aroma
ii. garnishing
iii. freshness
iv. taste

Part I

Passage 1

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and suggest one word as answer of the given sentences.
*i. Time when the narrator was hungry .
ii. The place where the mother trotted towards after waking up _______.
*iii. The dish prepared by mother .
iv. Food that cannot strum the senses and make the soul sing ________.
Answer:
i. midnight
ii. aloo paratha roll
iii. kitchen
iv. burger

Question 2:
Read the passage and fill in the blanks by selecting a proper word from the text. You can take help of the hints provided in brackets:
i. Unforgettable meal of the teenager was ______ (food)
ii. Aloo paratha was _______ (condition)
iii. Aloo paratha was ______ (taste)
iv. Aloo paratha was made with ______(emotions)
v. Aloo paratha was tastier than ______(food)
Answer:
i. piping hot aloo paratha
ii. piping hot
iii. delicious
iv. grace and love
v. burger

Question 3:
Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives.
*i. The incident of a piping hot aloo paratha is _______ for the teenager.
a. remarkable
b. forgettable
c. worst
d. memorable
Answer:
d. memorable

*ii. When the boy was hungry, his mother was _________.
a. watching TV
b. sleeping
c. singing
d. cooking
Answer:
b. sleeping

iii. The aloo paratha was made with ______ .
a. cooking oil
b. hands
c. grace and love
d. anger and irritation
Answer:
c. grace and love

iv. Our memories of meals last because they
a. strum our senses
b. satisfy our hunger
c. taste delicious
d. last longer
Answer:
a. strum our senses

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out words / phrases / sentences that provide proof for the following statements.

i. The narrator ate the aloo paratha late at night.
Answer:
It was a midnight snack, my mother dished up for me.

*ii. The narrator is a young boy.
Answer:
I, an inconsiderate teenager, shook her awake from deep sleep

*iii. The narrator got food which was very hot.
Answer:
She trotted to the kitchen and within minutes, made a piping hot aloo paratha roll.

*iv. The food prepared by the mother was tastier.
Answer:
Of course it was delicious, but more than that, it was made with such grace and love.

Question 2:
Read the passage and arrange the sentences in proper order.
i. The food was delicious.
ii. The young boy was hungry.
iii. The mother cooked aloo paratha within minutes.
iv. The mother trotted to the kitchen.
Answer:
i. The young boy was hungry.
ii. The mother trotted to the kitchen.
iii. The mother cooked aloo paratha within minutes.
iv. The food was delicious.

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing words from the passage that describe the aloo paratha.

Answer:
i. unforgettable meal
ii. midnight snack
iii. piping hot
iv. delicious

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. prepared and served a meal
ii. not thinking or worrying about other people
iii. spoke very softly
iv. went hurriedly towards
Answer:
i. dished up
ii. inconsiderate
iii. whispered
iv. trotted

Question 2:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. forgettable
ii. considerate
iii. asleep
iv. small
Answer:
i. unforgettable
ii. inconsiderate
iii. awake
iv. big

A4. Language Study

Do as directed.
Question 1:
I shook her awake. (Change the Voice)
Answer:
She was shaken awake by me.

Question 2:
I whispered, “I’m hungry.” (Rewrite in indirect speech)
Answer:
I whispered that I was hungry.

Question 3:
You had such a big dinner. (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence)
Answer:
What a big dinner you had!

Question 4:
It was made with grace and love. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
It was made with grace and love, wasn’t it?

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
Why does the narrator consider himself as ‘inconsiderate teenager’?
Answer:
The narrator considers himself as an ‘inconsiderate teenager’ because he woke his mother from deep sleep one midnight to tell her that he was hungry, although he had eaten a big dinner earlier.

Passage 2

Factual Reading

Read the passage and suggest one word as answer of the given sentences.
i. Roman Goddess ______.
ii. Number of processing steps of packaged products ______.
iii. Number of months the flour, made by a foreign brand, lasts.
iv. Natural forces that ancient civilizations _________
Answer:
i. Ceres
ii. 26
iii. 6
iv. rain, sun, earth

Read the passage and fill in the blanks by selecting a proper word from the text. You can take help of the hints provided in brackets.
Dr V. Shiva is ______ and ______ . (professions)
Foreign atta was not ______ and ________. (quality)
i. physicist, environmentalist
ii. natural, fresh

Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives.
i. The word ‘cereal’ comes from the Goddess of ________.
a. Greece b. Rome
c. India d. China
Answer:
b. Rome

*ii. The processed atta can be good only upto months.
a. six
b. seven
c. five
d. four
Answer:
a. six

iii. Extract your own ______ from a bowl of fresh malai.
a. ghee b. buttermilk
c. paneer d. flour
Answer:
a. ghee

*iv. Many people use food as a ______.
a. mouth filler
b. trunk filler
c. soul filler
d. tank filler
Answer:
d. tank filler

Read the passage from line (11 to 37) on page (101) of your textbook and answer the following questions.’

[Who says the field is still ________ ways to do this.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out words / phrases / sentences that provide proof for the following statements.

i. Dr Vandana Shiva is an important physicist and environmentalist.
Answer:
Dr Vandana Shiva, leading physicist and environmentalist, recalled a foreign flour brand was neither natural nor fresh.

ii. Homemade ghee is better than the packaged one.
Answer:
Extract your own ghee from a bowl of fresh malai and enjoy the delicious aroma that suffuses your kitchen and your heart.

iii. Food does not merely fill our stomach.
Answer:
Food was never meant to be just a tank-filler.

*iv. The rain, the sun and the Mother Earth give us plenty of food.
Answer:
Ancient civilizations worshipped the rain, the sun and Mother Earth, forces that gave them the bounty of crop.

Question 2:
Complete the web by choosing different forces of nature mentioned in the text.

Answer:
i. wind
ii. rain
iii. sun
iv. earth

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing food-related items mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. Cereal
ii. Flour
iii.Grains
iv. Paneer

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write one word from the passage for the following meanings.
i. a professional who specialises in the study of physics
ii. located outside of our country
iii. without chemical fertilizers
*iv. the smell of delicious food ________.
v. spreads through
Answer:
i. physicist
ii. foreign
iii. organic
iv. aroma
v. suffuses

Question 2:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. disconnected
ii. artificial
iii. native
iv. stale
Answer:
i. connected
ii. natural
iii. foreign
iv. fresh

Question 3:
Find out the Non-English words from the passage and translate them in English language.
Answer:
i. atta – flour
ii. chakki – flour mill
iii. malai – cream

Question 4:
Find out the describing word from the following sentence and use it in your own sentence.
Ancient civilizations worshipped the rain, the sun, and Mother Earth.
Answer:
Ancient – Art and literature has been known to man since ancient times.

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
It had gone through 26 steps of processing.
(Rewrite in Present Continuous Tense)
Answer:
It is going through 26 steps of processing.

Question 2:
Get your atta freshly ground from a local chakki. (Rewrite as a simple sentence)
Answer:
You must get your atta freshly ground from a local chakki.

Question 3:
You can find ways to do this. (Rewrite as an Interrogative Sentence)
Answer:
Can’t you find ways to do this?

A5. Personal Response .

Question 1:
‘Homemade food is better than packaged food’. What do you think?
Answer:
Packaged food is made to last for several months in stores. Hence, it contains numerous preservatives and chemical additives like MSG, benzoic acid, flavour enhancers, excessive oil, salt, etc. It has low nutritional value and is primarily meant to please one’s taste buds. Due to all these reasons, consuming packaged food affects one’s health severely. Homemade food, on the other hand, is easier for our body to digest. It contains fresh ingredients and no preservatives, since it is not meant to last for a long time. Thus, we consume less sugar and oil when we eat home-cooked food. Besides, it is also cost effective. All these reasons make homemade food a better option than packaged food.

Part II
Passage 3

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and state whether the following statements are True or False. Write the line no. that prompts you the answer.
i. Dr V. Shiva is against pesticide-laden imported food product.
ii. The narrator has great attraction for Indian food.
iii. According to Dr V. Shiva farmers and the nature are well respected on the earth.
iv. We should respect food.
Answer:
i. True, Line no. 1, 2, 3
ii. True, Line no. 3, 4, 5
iii. False, Line no. 9, 10, 11
iv. True, Line no. 14, 15

Question 2:
Read the passage and match the following columns.

	A		B
i.	Dr Shiva	a.	lose weight
ii.	Food	b.	nine seeds
*iii.	Navdhanya	c.	a sacred being
iv.	Ayurvedic tip	d.	Stolen Harvest

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – c), (iii – b), (iv – a)

Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (104) of your textbook and answer the following questions.

[Dr Shiva, member, prestigious……………………… It is that simple.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage again. Write the information under the proper heading.

Dr Vandana Shiva

Particulars	Information
Post
Loves
Activity
Book
Quote’-

Answer:

Particulars	Information
Post	Member of the prestigious World Future Council
Loves	Fresh and pure Indian food
Activity	Started the Navdhanya movement to promote domestic and organic farming
Book	Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply
Quote	“Food is alive; it is not just pieces of carbohydrate, protein, and nutrient, it is a being, a sacred being.”

Question 2:
Read the passage and complete the table.

Dr Shiva described food as	Dr Shiva described Indian food as
a.	a.
b.	b.

Answer:

Dr Shiva described food as	Dr Shiva described Indian food as
a. alive	a. fresh
b. a sacred being	b. pure

Question 3:
Complete the web.

Answer:
i. those who labour
ii. those who grow food
iii. nature
iv. nature’s creatures

Complete the web by choosing the units of measurement mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. calories
ii. milligrams
iii. grams
iv. pounds

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Read the passage and choose the correct alternatives to match words with their meanings.
a. enlightening
b. open an eye
c. getting up
Answer:
a. enlightening

ii. elusive
a. scattered pieces
b. difficult to understand
c. in large quantity
Answer:
b. difficult to understand

*iii. balanced diet
a. limited nutritious food
b. food that is oily and spicy
c. delicious food
Answer:
a. limited nutritious food

*iv. artificial
a. made using different art
b. face and art
c. not natural
Answer:
c. not natural

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. brought from a foreign land into our country
ii. without chemical fertilisers
iii. considered holy and divine
iv. traditional system of medicines for healing

Answer:
i. imported
ii. organic
iii. sacred
iv. Ayurvedic

Question 3:
Write the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. exported
iii. dead
Answer:
i. imported
ii. little
iii. alive
iv. Simple

A4. Language Study

Do as directed.
Question 1:
We come from a poor country but we have fresh food. (Rewrite using ‘although’)
Answer:
Although we come from a poor country, we have fresh ‘food.

Question 2:
The food has taste. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The food has taste, doesn’t it?

Question 3:
The movement promotes domestic, organic farming. (Change the Voice)
Answer:
Domestic, organic farming is promoted by the movement.

Question 4:
Why not think about food like you think about love?
(Rewrite as an Assertive Sentence)
Answer:
You should think about food like you think about love.

Question 5:
Eat only as much as you can cup in the palms of your hands. (Rewrite using ‘should’)
Answer:
You should eat only as much as you can cup in the palms of your hands.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
Why should we eat local food?
Answer:
We should eat local food because it is fresh and pure. It does not have artificial ingredients. Also, it does not go through various steps of processing, which makes it organic.

Question 2:
We should think of calories before we take food. Why?
Answer:
We should think of calories before we take food because our body requires only a limited diet. This diet varies from person to person. A person who does a lot of physical work requires more calories than the one who does sedentary work. If a person does not think about calories before taking food, he or she may put on weight, which in turn may lead to several health problems.

Passage 4

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and match the following columns.

	A		B
i.	ripe orange	a.	satisfaction
ii.	body	b.	ingredients
iii.	mind	c.	contentment
iv.	soul	d.	citrusy juice
		e.	nourishment

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – e), (iii – c), (iv – a)

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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Quick Fix Food

Pre-reading Activity

Question 1:
Symbols
Look at the given symbols in your textbook. Write what they symbolize or stand for.
Answer:
Symbol (i) – Logo of International Standards Organisation
Symbol (ii) – Sign of vegetarian food
Symbol (iii) – Sign of non-vegetarian food
Symbol (iv) – AGMARK seal
Symbol (v) – Sign of Food Product Order

Part I

Passage I

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the following.
i. The text is about _______.
ii. The suggestions given by the writer are ______
iii. Oil used in junk food is _____.
iv. It is written by ______.
v. The writer of the article works as ______
Answer:
i. health dangers faced from consumption of chemical additives through packaged and processed food.
ii. to give a thought to one’s eating habits and return to the traditional habits of cooking food at home.
iii. a by-product of petroleum.
iv. Dr. Babu Joseph.
v. the Director of National Institute of Naturopathy.

Question 2:
Choose the correct alternative and complete the sentences.
i. Renal failure is due to
a. metabolism .
b. chemical additives
c. natural food
Answer:
b. chemical additives

ii. Packaged food products have an effect on _______
a. the heart
b. the kidneys
c. the brain
Answer:
b. the kidneys

iii. The sweetener used in packaged food is ______
a. saccharin
b. chemical
c. sugar
Answer:
a. saccharin

Read the passage from line (1 to 14) on page (108) of your textbook and answer the following questions.

[Nowadays, the number……………National Institute of Naturopathy.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the paragraph and complete the following sentences.
i. Over consumption of chemicals results in ______
ii. Working and educated people suffer grave health dangers because _______.
iii. The harmful effect of junk food is due to _____.
iv. Body will not be able to metabolize ________ .
Answer:
i. renal failure.
ii. of over consumption of packaged and processed food products.
iii. the oil used in preparing it.
iv. all the artificial chemicals used in the packaged food products.

Question 2:
Complete the table by writing the effect of consuming different kinds of food from the passage.

	Home cooked food		Processed food
i.		i.
ii.		ii.

Answer:

	Home cooked food		Processed food
i.	keeps you fit	i.	renal failure
ii.	helps to lead an	ii.	the body will not
	active life		metabolize artificial
			chemicals used in
			processed food over a
			period of time

A3. Meaning from the Text .

Question 1:
Complete the following crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

Across:
1. sweet substance
2. chemical activity in all living things

Down: 3. made by man / not natural
4. substances added to food to improve taste.

Answer:
Across:
1. Saccharin
2. Metabolism
Down:
3. Artificial
4. Additives

Question 2:
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

	Column ‘A’		Column ‘B’
i.	renal failure	a.	chemical activity in all living things
ii.	grave health dangers	b.	sweet tasting chemical used instead of sugar
iii.	saccharin	c.	serious health problems
iv.	metabolize	d.	failure of functioning of a kidney

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – c), (iii – b), (iv – a)

A4. Language Study

Question 1:
The number of people suffering from renal failure has increased.(Rewrite in Present Continuous Tense)
Answer:
The number of people suffering from renal failure is increasing.

Question 2:
Youngsters are suffering from renal failure. (What)(Frame Wh-questions using the words given in the brackets) [Mar 14]
Answer:
What are youngsters suffering from?

Question 3:
Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys, don’t they?

Question 4:
People must return to traditional cooking to keep fit. (Why)(Frame Wh-questions using the words given in the brackets)
Answer:
Why should people return to traditional cooking?

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
What kind of food should you prefer? Why? [Mar 14]
Answer: We should prefer fresh homemade food. Home cooked food is less oily and cooked in a traditional way. Such food keeps us fit and helps us to lead an active life. So, we should prefer simple food over junk foods.

Question 2:
Do you consume processed food? Give reasons.
Answer: No, I do not consume processed food. Natural food is fresh. It not only provides health benefits, but also tastes better.

Part 2

Passage 2

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the following sentences: [A7, pg. 110]
i. Matter of convenience is that people food.
ii. Dairy milk comes in packs. [Mar 16]
iii. is a healthy option. [Mar 16]
iv. is a healthier option. [Mar 16]
v. methods of cooking are better than packaged or processed food. [Mar 16]
Answer:
i. consume packaged
ii. tetra
iii. Cooking at home
iv. Eating dal-chawal
v. Traditional

Read the passage from line (1 to 13) on page (110) of your textbook and ans.wer the following questions.
[A large number __________by traditional methods.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the pairs by using the information given in the text.[A9, pg. Ill]

Answer:
Necessary to know:
i. the quality of packaging used for packaged food
ii. whether additives are used or not to increase the shelf life of packaged foods
Dairy product:
i. packaged in tetra packs without any additives
ii. no contact with air, so it remains fresh for a longer period of time
Ready to eat product:
i. laden with preservatives
ii. have excess oil in the form of trans fats, which can be a threat to health
Canned or processed food:
i. . have excessive salt or sugar

Question 12
Complete the following web by choosing appropriate information, from the extract.

Answer:
i. it has become a matter of convenience, pleases the taste buds and fills their stomach.
ii. fresh for a long period of time.
iii. preservatives and excess oil.
iv. they have excessive salt or sugar.

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing different types of food mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. packaged food
ii. ready-to-eat food
iii. processed food
iv. junk food

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out the opposite words. Complete the matching.

	A	B
*i.	Modem
*ii.		Stale [Mar 161
*iii.	Less
*iv.		Unhealthy fMar 161
*v.	Decrease [Mar 161
vi.	Short [Mar 161
vii.	Small
viii.	Never

Answer:

	A	B
*i.	Modem	Traditional
*ii.	Fresh	Stale [Mar 161
*iii.	Less	Excessive
*iv.	Healthy	Unhealthy fMar 161
*v.	Decrease [Mar 16]	Increase
vi.	Short fMar 16]	Long
vii.	Small	Large
viii.	Never	Always

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. a substance added to another substance to alter its properties
ii. length of time that a product can be kept in a shop before it becomes too old to be used
iii. type of fat produced when vegetable oil is made into solid fat
iv. in a large quantity
Answer:
i. additive
ii. shelf-life
iii. trans fat
iv. excessive

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
A large number of people are consuming packaged food.(Change it to Simple Present Tense)
Answer:
A large number of people consume packaged food.

Question 2:
Packaged food pleases the taste buds and fills your stomach.(Rewrite using ‘not only but also’)
Answer:
Packaged food not only pleases the taste buds but also fills your stomach.

Question 3:
Frame ‘wh’ question to get the underlined as a part of the answer. [Mar 16]
i. People are consuming packaged food.
ii. One needs to do a little bit of time management and planning.
Answer:
i. Who are consuming packaged food?
ii. What does one need to do?

Question 4:
I don’t really advocate bakery products.(Add a question tag)
Answer:
I don’t really advocate bakery products, do I?

Question 5:
Cooking at home is always a healthy option.(Rewrite as a negative sentence)
Answer:
Cooking at home is never an unhealthy option.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How would you avoid processed / junk food? [A8 – III (2), pg. 110]
Answer:
I would avoid processed / junk food by eating simple homemade food. I would carry some fruits and light homemade snacks with me if I have to stay out for a longer period of time.

Question 2:
Why do people like fast food inspite of its disadvantages? [A8 – III (3), pg. 110]
Answer:
People consume fast food despite its
disadvantages because:
i. it is convenient.
ii. it saves a lot of time spent in cooking.
iii. it tastes good due to the addition of preservatives, additives and sweeteners.

Question 3:
What kind of food do you prefer? Why?[Mar 16]
Answer:
I prefer fresh home-cooked food as it contains lesser oil and is healthier. Also, home-cooked food is more hygienic than outside food and it does not contain any added preservatives, like the packaged food.

Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and state whether the following sentences are True or False.
i.We should eat processed food.
ii.We must prefer natural food.
iii.Vitamin C is added while processing.
iv.Processed food does not fill our stomach.
v.Processed food is good for our health.
Answer:
i. False
ii. True
iii. False
iv. False
v. False

Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (113) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[Any sort of food ________unhealthy food.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out the following information. [A15, pg. 113]
1. Food processing _________:
ii. Bioavailability: __________
iii. Names of nutrients: ________
iv. Names of diseases: _________
Answer:
i. Food processing: adding preservatives, storing food in high or low temperatures, alterations in the basic ingredients, increasing certain ingredients like salt and sugar
ii. Bioavailability: absorption of food in the body
iii. Names of nutrients: vitamin C, proteins, fats, carbohydrates
iv. Names of diseases: obesity, heart problems, lethargy, acidity, blood pressure

Question 2:
Complete the web

Answer:
i. Addition of preservatives
ii. Storing food in high or low temperature
iii. Alterations in the basic ingredients of a product.
iv. Increasing certain ingredients like salt and sugar

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing different nutrients mentioned in the passage.

 

Answer:
i. Vitamin C
ii. Proteins
iii. Fats
iv. Carbohydrates

Question 4:
Complete the web.

Answer:
i. Heart problems
ii. Lethargy
iii. Acidity
iv. Blood pressure

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Match the names of diseases with their meanings. [A20, pg. 114]

	Column ‘A’		Column ‘B’
i.	obesity	a.	ailment related to chemicals in body
ii.	lethargy	b.	force of red liquid that flows in body
iii.	acidity	c.	disease related to fatness
iv.	blood pressure	d.	being lazy and doing nothing

Answer:
(i – c), (ii – d), (iii – a), (iv – b)

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. that occurs every time
ii. a change made in the form or nature of a thing
iii. from the point of view of art and beauty
iv. illness that is not serious
Answer:
i. invariably
ii. alteration
iii. aesthetically
iv. ailment

Question 3:
Find the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. high
ii. fail
iii. won
iv. increasing
Answer:
i. low
ii. succeed
iii. lost
iv. reducing

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
Nutrients like Vitamin C are lost due to processing.(Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word)
Answer:
There is a loss of nutrients like Vitamin C due to processing.

Question 2:
These food items fill our stomachs but affect the health.(Rewrite using ‘although’)
Answer:
Although these food items fill our stomachs, they affect the health.

Question 3:
We end up consuming unhealthy food.(Add a question tag)
Answer:
We end up consuming unhealthy food, don’t we?

Question 4:
We end up consuming unhealthy food.(Rewrite as a negative sentence)
Answer:
We end up consuming food that is not healthy.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How do you decide the nutritional value of a product? [A16 – III (1), pg. 113]
Answer:
I decide the nutritional value of a product by reading the information on the packaging with respect to various preservatives and additives used in the product. It is mandatory for every manufacturer to state the ingredients used in the preparation of a processed food item. Also, it is essential to give the nutritional value on the packaging.

Question 2:
What kind of information should you look for while selecting any food product?[A16 – III (2), pg. 113]
Answer:
The information that we should look for while selecting any food product can be:
i. the date of manufacturing and expiry (best before) of the product.
ii. list of ingredients including the additives, preservatives, salts and sweeteners used in the preparation of the product.

Question 1:
Read and complete
Read Part I and fill in the blanks providing proper information from the text. Work in a pair or a group. Check your answer with the other i pair or group. [A2, pg. 108]

In the age of pollution, chemicals and fast food most of the people have physical problem of ______. Excessive use of chemicals in packaged ______food affects our . Oil used in such products
I is prepared from . The sweetness of such foods is increased using _____and the body cannot ________ due to chemicals.
Answer:
In the age of pollution, chemicals and fast , food most of the people have physical problem of renal failure. Excessive use of chemicals in packaged food affects our kidneys. Oil used in such products is prepared from petroleum. The sweetness of such foods is increased using t saccharin and the body cannot metabolize properly due to chemicals.

Question 2:
Read Part I quickly and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions. [A3, pg. 109]

i. Answer in a word or in one sentence.
a. Which part of the body is likely to get affected by overeating packaged food?
Answer:
The kidneys are likely to get affected by overeating packaged food

b. What is the source of oil used in preparing junk food?
Answer:
The source of oil used in preparing junk food is petroleum.

c. What thing do some people use to make packaged food sweet?
Answer:
Some people use saccharin to make packaged food sweet.

ii. Answer in two or three sentences.
a. Why do people nowadays suffer from the renal failure?
Answer:
Nowadays, people suffer from renal failure because they consume a lot of packaged and processed food. Over consumption of chemicals present in such food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys.

b. What habits help us to enjoy active life?
Answer:
The habits that will help us to enjoy an active life are avoiding consumption of packaged and processed food and returning to the traditional habits of cooking food at home.

iii. Give your own response in a short paragraph.
a. Why is junk food / processed food not
Answer:
Junk food / processed food is not good for health because it contains chemical additives. These chemicals are added to preserve the food for a long time. The oil used in preparing junk food is a by product of petroleum. Saccharin is used as a sweetener. Though this type of food fills our stomach, it fails to provide nourishment for our body and more importantly has adverse effects on our health.

b. What advice does Dr. Joseph give to people in this passage?
Answer:
Dr. Joseph advises people to eat natural food and return to traditional habits of cooking food at home. He also asks them to avoid junk food / processed food because it contains chemical additives, wfech are harmful to their body.

Question 3:
Problems, reasons and remedies
Listed below are some of the health related problems that people commonly suffer from. Work in pairs and find out the reasons of the problems and remedies to overcome them.

	Problems	Reasons	Remedies
i.	Heart Attack
ii.	Blood Pressure
iii.	Cancer
iv.	Obesity

Answer:

	Problems	Reasons	Remedies
	Heart Attack	obesity, blood pressure, eating junk food and fast food, irregular eating hours, smoking and drinking alcohol	develop good eating habits like eating fresh food cooked in less oil, avoid overeating, follow regular eating hours, exercise regularly
ii.	Blood Pressure	smoking, drinking alcohol, eating spicy and oily food, sleeplessness , tension, fatigue	avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, eat fresh and homemade food cooked in less oil, take proper rest
iii.	Cancer	smoking, consuming tobacco products, exposure to radiations	follow a good lifestyle (food,rest, exercise,medicines on time, etc.)
iv.	Obesity	overeating, consuming oily food, thyroid problem	avoid overeating, have a balanced diet, walk and exercise regularly

Question 4:
Notice the products
Work in pairs and make a list of the following words.

Dairy Products	Bakery Products

Answer:

Dairy Products	Bakery Products
milk, cream, curd, buttermilk, butter, ghee, paneer, cheese, ice­cream	biscuits, cake, pastries, bread, buns, toast, cookies, pizza

Question 5:
Read Part II and after discussing with your partner answer the following questions.

i. Answer in a word or a phrase.
a. Why are additives used in food?
Answer:
to increase its shelf life

b. What are ready-to-eat food loaded with?
Answer:
preservatives, excess oil in the form of trans fats

c. What does canned / processed food contain?
Answer:
additives, preservatives, excess salt or sugar, excess oil in the form of trans fats

d. What type of food should we insist on?
Answer:
Indian food cooked by traditional methods

ii. Answer these questions in two to three sentences each.
a. Why do people enjoy packaged food?
Answer:
People enjoy packaged food because it has become a matter of convenience. Such food pleases the taste buds and fdls fee stomach.

b. Why does milk from dairy remain fresh for a longer period?
Answer:
Milk from dairy remains fresh for a longer period because it comes in tetra packs without any additives and it has no contact with air.

iii. Give your own responses in brief.
a. What kind of food can be a threat to health?
Answer:
There are various kinds of food that can be a threat to health, like:
i. The ready-to-eat products that are laden with chemical additives, preservatives and have excess oil in the form of trans fats.
ii. packaged / processed food.

Question 6:
Opposites
Now, work in pairs and fill in the blanks by selecting the proper word from the brackets. [A10, pg. Ill]
i. (Natural / Artificial) product is
ii. harmful to our health. You must not (increase / decrease) your weight for (healthy / unhealthy) life.
iii.We should eat _____ (less / excessive) at night.
iv.We should eat ______ (fresh / stale) food for good health.
v. We cannot live (with / without) air.
Answer:
i. . Artificial
ii. increase, healthy
iii. less
iv. fresh
v. without

Question 7:
Using words
Read the given sentences and use appropriate words from the box for the underlined words in the sentences. Refer to Part II to get the clues.

Question 8:
Joining words
Read the given sentences. Find out the meanings of the words in the boxes. Write the number of the matching sentences with the meanings provided. Work in pair.

Question 9:
Compound words
Look at the word ‘processed food’. ‘Food’ is a naming word. ‘Process’ is an action word. Discuss with your partner what has helped the action word to turn into describing word. Change the following words into describing words. One is done for you. [A13, pg. 112]


Find out more such describing words from the text.
Answer:
packaged food, educated people, canned food.

Question 10:
Types of illness
Look at the photographs given in your textbook. Imagine and discuss what these persons might be suffering from. Write about the nature of suffering. [A14, pg. 112]
Answer:
Photograph (i):
a. Problem: weak bones
b. Suffering from: rickets
c. Causes: deficiency of Vitamin D
d. Remedies: exposure to sunlight
Photograph (ii):
a. Problem: inability to use legs
b. Suffering from: polio
c. Causes: no proper vaccination in childhood, infected by polio virus
d. Remedies: no remedy, use of crutches compulsory

Photograph (iii):
a. Problem: overweight
b. Suffering from: obesity or thyroid
c. Causes: overeating, lack of exercise, hypo-thyroidism
d. Remedies: control over diet, regular exercise

Photograph (iv):
a. Problem: deformed hands and legs
b. Suffering from: leprosy
c. Causes: unhygienic conditions
d. Remedies: can be cured through medication

Question 11:
Read Part III and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions. [A16, pg. 113]
i. Answer in one sentence.
a. What maintains the aesthetic value of a product?
Answer:
The aesthetic value of a product is maintained by the methods of processing and use of additives.

b. What nutrients are mentioned in the passage?
Answer:
The nutrients mentioned in the passage are vitamin C, proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

c. What disease will you suffer from if you eat processed food?
Answer:
If we eat processed food, we will suffer from diseases like obesity, heart problems, lethargy, acidity and blood pressure.

ii. Answer in two or three sentences.
a. Why do people suffer from different diseases?
Answer:
People suffer from different diseases because they consume processed food in large amounts. Such food contains additives and preservatives, which are harmful to health. Alterations made in the structure of certain nutrients like proteins, fats and carbohydrates lead to various diseases.

b. When are the nutrients in food lost?
Answer:
Food processing leads to loss of nutrients in food. It leads to alterations in the structure of certain nutrients like proteins, fats and carbohydrates, thus reducing its bioavailability. The use of additives also leads to nutrient loss.

c. When are the labels misleading?
Answer:
Labels can be misleading if consumers do not interpret them correctly and end up purchasing and consuming unhealthy food.

Selecting Packaged Food
Look at the picture of a wrapper of a packaged food in your textbook and find your responses to the following: [A18, pg. 114]
i. Ingredients:
ii. Nutritional value:
iii. Precaution:
iv. Manufacturing date:
v. (this symbol in green colour) means:
vi. Appeal to buy:
Answer:
i. Ingredients: rice meal, edible vegetable oil, com meal, maida, onion powder, garlic powder, green chilli powder, amchur, sugar, citric acid, salt, etc.

ii. Nutritional value (approximately):

Per 100 gm
Energy	kcal	570
Protein	g	6.4
Carbohydrate	g	53.9
Sugar	g	4.2
Fat	S	40

iii. Precaution: To be consumed before four months from the date of manufacturing
iv. Manufacturing date: 15 March, 2013
v. 0: the food is vegetarian
vi. Appeal to buy: colourful packaging, cholesterol free, no added MSG.

Question 13:
Check your reading
Read Part III and after discussing with your partner, fill in the blanks by using the correct words given in the bracket [such as, if…. then, due to, high or low, but]
i. The doctors could not investigate whether Mr Mohan has _____ blood pressure.
ii. Ready-to-eat products available in market satisfy our hunger . they can be fatal to our health.
iii. Every year many people die in remote areas malnutrition.
iv. you have good eating habits you will have no health problems.
v. If we take balanced diet, we would not suffer from many health problems blood pressure, acidity, heart attack and diabetes.
Answer:
i. high or low
ii. but
iii. due to
iv. If, then
v. such as

Question 14:
Participles
i. Look at the following sentences and the underlined part. Discuss with your partner the questions given below and note your observations and responses. [A21, pg. 115]
a. Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys.-
b. Working people must understand the grave health dangers they face.
c. People should reconsider their eating habits.
Discuss
• What is the root word of the underlined word?
Answer:
The root word of the underlined word in each sentence is a verb. In sentence (a), it is ‘pack’, in sentence (b) it is ‘work’ and in sentence (c) it is ‘eat’.

• What is added to the root word?
Answer:
Either ‘-ed’ or ‘-ing’. is added to the root word.

• Are these action words?
Answer:
Yes, these are action words.

• What are they used as?
Answer:
They are used as describing words / adjectives.

ii. Now, use the correct words given in the brackets.
a. Most of the young children like (frying / fried) food.
b. Some people love (cooking / cooked) food and some love (cooking / cooked) food.
c. We should not eat (forbidden / forbidding) medicine.
d. (Eaten / Eating) rice is always nice for good health.
e. (Processing /• Processed) food has added salt and sugar to enhance the taste.
Answer:
a. fried
b. cooking, cooked
c. forbidden
d. Eating
e. Processed

iii. Now, go through all the three parts of the text and find out the different sentences where the words are used in both ‘-ed’ form as well as ‘-ing’ form. (Underline)
Answer:
a. This is happening due to the possible increase in consumption of chemical additives through packaged and processed food.
b. Especially working and educated people must understand the grave health dangers they face from over consumption of these packaged and processed food products.
c. Also, it is important to note the quality of packaging used for these products and whether additives are used or not to increase their shelf life.
d. Any sort of food processing done means altering the composition of the food items which invariably changes the nutritional value and increases the shelf life of the product.

iv. Look at the words in given balloons. Discuss with your partner and make meaningful sentences using these words.

v. Now, here is a news telecasted on TV. Fill in the blanks with the participles occurred in the news. ( word file)
rise-industry; break-news; contaminate- water; pollute-water; boil-water; pollute- air]

“Here is a ________ . It is reported that the villagers of Devanchi Wadi developed indigestion problems due to _________ . The doctor has advised not to use________ but to have only ________ . The villagers are also suffering from the problem of_______ due to the_______ in the nearby area.”

Answer:
“Here is a breaking news. It is reported that the villagers of Devanchi Wadi developed indigestion problems due to contaminated water. The doctor has advised not to use polluted water, but to have only boiled water. The villagers are also suffering from the problem of polluted air due to the rising industries in the nearby area.”

Maharashtra Board SSC Class 10 Solutions for English

The Garden Within Question and Answers

AlgebraGeometryScience & TechnologyHistoryGeography & EconomicsEnglish

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Saving the Environment

Question 1:
Study the Environment
Complete the table after discussing with your partner.

Pollution	Problem	Effect	Causes	Solutions
Water
Air
Sound

Answer:

Pollution	Problem	Effect	Causes	Solutions
Water	Contamination of water bodies	Plants and organisms living in water are affected. Water­borne diseases such as typhoid, jaundice, etc. spread among human beings	Domestic and industrial waste, oil slicks by ships, immersion of idols	Sewage treatment plants, legal actions, using eco-friendly idols
Air	Presence of harmful gases (CO,, N02, CO)	Respiratory infections, heart and lung cancer, heart diseases	Gases emitted by vehicles and factories	Using pollution control devices, legal action against defaulters, minimize use of vehicles
Sound	Excessive displeasing noise disrupts the human / animal activity	Cardiovascular effects, rise in blood pressure, increase in stress, hearing loss, headache	loud speakers, crackers, use of machines, blowing of horns	Reducing noise at the source, avoiding blowing horns except in case of emergency, enforcement of time limits for loudspeakers, reducing the use of crackers emitting high intensity of sound

Question 2:
What is environment?
When you say the word ‘environment’ many words related to it come to your mind. Discuss with your partner and write down all those words within one minute. The pair that finds maximum words will be the winner.

Answer:
Words related to environment:
earth, pollution, air, eco-friendly, forests, oceans, flora and fauna, water, surroundings, atmosphere, nature, ecosystem, wildlife, protection, etc.

Part I

Passage I

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage.
1. According to Central Pollution Board (2009), there are ______ critically industrially polluted clusters in India.
ii. The permissible limit of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) is _______ per cubic meter.
iii. ______ city has an excedence factor of 1.5 from its permissible limit in terms of RSPM per cubic meter.
iv. Civic bodies such as _______ organize annual tree plantation drives.
Answer:
i. 88
ii. 100
iii. Pune
iv. BMC

Question 2:
State whether the following statements are True or False.
i. As per the standards of RSPM, Pune stands in the high pollution category.
ii. The annual tree plantation drive by BMC is adequate for the tree survival rate.
iii. NGOs and citizen driver of Mumbai and Pune opened a nursery.
iv. Pune and Mumbai are the cities where groups and residents associations take up green causes.
Answer:
i. True
ii. False
iii. False
iv. True

Question 3:
Name the following with reference to the passage.
i. A widespread affliction or calamity or a sudden destructive influx or injurious outbreak.
ii. It is India’s leading industrial state.
iii. The city of Maharashtra which had the highest air pollution in 2009, according to the Central Pollution Board.
iv. The city of Maharashtra which has the Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) above 200 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the Central Pollution Board in 2009.
Answer:
i. Plague
ii. Maharashtra
iii. Chandrapur
iv. Mumbai

Read the passage from line (1 to 34) on page (125) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[As another anniversary _______
___________ with civic officials.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Complete the table.

Causes of air pollution	Civic bodies fighting air pollution

Answer:

Causes of air pollution	Civic bodies fighting air pollution
Commercialization	CPCB
Industrial development	BMC

Question 2:
Complete the web by choosing four industrial towns of Maharashtra from the given passage.

Answer:
i. Dombivali
ii. Aurangabad
iii. Navi Mumbai
iv. Tarapur

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Match the words in column ‘A’ with their synonyms in column ‘B’

Column A		Column B
i.	toxic	a.	main
ii.	major	b.	poisonous
iii.	expansion	c.	acceptable
iv.	permissible	d.	growth

Answer:
(i — b), CU — a), (iii – d), (iv – c)

Question 2:
Write from the passage opposites of the following words.
i. minor
ii. unpolluted
iii. inadequate
iv. inactively
Answer:
i. major
ii. polluted
iii. adequate
iv. actively

A4. Language Study directed.

Question 1:
The issues raised ______ the first observation ______ this event still plague the globe. (Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions)
Answer:
The issues raised at the first observation of this event still plague the globe.

Question 2:
Air pollution has been a major concern for the state. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
What has been a major concern for the state?

Question 3:
Their expansion was put on hold. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Their expansion was put on hold, wasn’t it?

Question 4:
The tree survival rate is not adequate. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence)
Answer:
The tree survival rate is inadequate.

Question 5:
NGOs undertake regular planting of saplings in cities. (Rewrite in present perfect continuous tense)
Answer:
NGOs have been undertaking regular planting of saplings in cities.

Personal Response

Question 1:
Give some suggestions of your own for the people who live in big cities for their health safety. 1A5 — III (2), pg. 1261
Answer:
People living in big cities can undertake the following measures for their health safety:
i. use handkerchiefs or masks to cover their mouths while moving in traffic, be it on foot or two wheelers
ii. stop the engines of their vehicles at traffic signals .
iii. use vehicles only when they are unavoidable
iv. walk / cycle to prevent air pollution and maintain good health
v. boil or filter water before using it for cooking or drinking
vi. limit the time spent in noisy areas

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage.
I. Ganpati idols made of _______ do not dissolve eai1y and pollute the water.

ii. MPCB ties with various ____ idol makers every year.
iii. _____ generates around 6,500 tonnes of solid waste per day.
iv. According to CPCB, ______ state ranks first in generation of solid waste per day.
Answer:
i. POP
ii. clay
iii. Mumbai
iv. Maharashtra

Read the passage from line (35 to 67) on page (125) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[Noise: Although noise pollution ______
________ space for dumping waste.]

Question 2:
Complete the web by choosing the abbreviations from the passage.

Answer:
ï. NGO
ii. MPCB
iii. BMC
iv. CPCB

A3. Meaning from the Text

Write from the passage
i. one word that means in a notable manner’.
ii. one word that means ‘an act of making something compulsory’.
iii. one word that means ‘disagreement between people’.
iv. one phrase that means ‘together with.
Answer:
i. significantly
ii. enforcement
iii. contention
iv. in conjunction with

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
Noise pollution levels have dropped ¡n recent years. (Rewrite as a negative sentence)
Answer:
Noise pollution levels have not increased in recent years.

Question 2:
Eco-friendly Ganpatis have become popular in cities. (Rewrite in present continuous tense)
Answer:
Eco-friendly Ganpatis are becoming popular in cities.

Question 3:
Idols made of POP do not dissolve easily. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence)
Answer:
Do idols made of POP dissolve easily?

Question 4:
Find out the describing word from the following sentence and use it in your own sentence.
This ¡s important as idols made of POP do not dissolve easily and pollute the water.
Answer:
important — Mumbai is an important industrial centre of India.

Question 5:
MPCB ties up with various clay makers.
(Frame a ‘Wh question’ to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
Who ties up with various clay makers?

Question 6:
Due to changing lifestyles in urban areas, the amount of waste generated in the state is high. (Rewrite using ‘because’)
Answer:
Because of changing lifestyles in urban areas, the amount of waste generated in the state is high.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
What suggestions would you like to give for controlling sound pollution?
Answer:
I would suggest the following measures for controlling sound pollution:
i. Awareness should be created among the people regarding the ill-effects of sound pollution. They should be made to realise that they are bound with some responsibilities while enjoying their
freedom.
ii. Strict enforcement of law by the police and punishing the offenders would help in çntroIling sound pollution.

Question 2:
How does population growth put stress on water resources in metropolitan cities?
Answer:
Population growth does put a lot of stress on water resources as these days people, are seen migrating to cities for various reasons like employment, education and medical facilities.
Water is one of the basic needs of man. Water is required for various purposes, such as drinking, cooking and bathing. When population increases, the requirement for water also increases. Water available in the lakes does not fulfill the growing needs. So, there is water shortage in metropolitan cities due to the growth of population.

Part II

Passage III

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Complete the following sentences using proper words from the passage and rewrite.
î. The complete ban on ________ was proposed by the government.
ii. Plastic that remains in environment releases
iii. The anti-plastic movement is gaining steam in , ________ and Nagpur cities.
iv. Instead of plastic bags, citizens are carrying
Answer:
i. plastics
ii. toxic substances
iii. Mumbai, Pune
iv. cloth or paper bags

Question 2:
Read the passage and arrange the sentences in the correct sequence.
i. The anti-plastic movement is gaining stream in the cities.
ii. The government proposed a complete ban on plastics.
iii. Mahabaleshwar recently issued a blanket ban on plastic usage in the hill station.
iv. Thin plastic bags choked the drains.
Answer:
i. Thin plastic bags choked the drains.
ii. The government proposed a complete ban on plastics.
iii. The anti-plastic movement is gaining stream in the cities.
iv. Mahabaleshwar recently issued a blanket ban on plastic usage in the hill station.

Question 3:
Read the passage and complete the following.
We should minimize the use of plastic because
i. ______________
ii. ______________
iii. _______
iv. _______
Answer:
We should minimize the use of plastic because:
i. plastic bags choke the drains and cause water logging.
ii. plastic bags of thickness less than 50 miçrons are harmful.
iii. plastic degrades slowly, it remains in the environment for a long time.
iv. plastic is known to’ release toxic substances.

Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (128) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
Tbe menace of plastic ………………
………………in the hill station.)

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the text and complete the following.
i.. Disadvantages of plastic:
a. _______ b. _______
ii. Efforts done by anti-plastic movement:
a. ______ b. _______
Answer:
i. Disadvantages of plastic:
a. Degrades slowly hence, remains in the environment for a long time.
b. Releases toxic substances.

ii. Efforts done by anti-plastic movement:
a. ‘Say no to plastic campaigns in cities, that have led to various citizens carrying cloth or paper bags.
b. Issue of blanket ban on the use of plastic in Mahabaleshwar.

Complete the web

Answer:
i. Mumbai
ii. Pune
iii. Nagpur
iv. Mahabaleshwar

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write the words from the passage that mean:
i. Something that is likely to cause harm . [Oct 14J]
ii. Period after an unpleasant event or accident [Oct 141
iii. To stop the use of something by legal means
iv. Usefulness [Oct 14]
v. Planned activity to achieve something . [Oct 14]
Answer:
i. menace
ii. aftermath
iii. ban
iv. utility
v. movement

Question 2:
Choose the correct phrases from the brackets and fill in the blanks. 1 July 15
(for a long time, came to the fore, due to, blanket ban)
i. Farmers suffered a heavy loss ________ heavy rains.
ii. India has been struggling _____ to solve the social issues.
iii. There should be a _______ on smoking at public places.
iv. The evil effects of overuse of plastic _______ only after the flood.
Answer:
i. due to
ii. for a long time
iii. blanket ban
iv. came to the fore

Question 3:
Write opposites of the following words.
i. complete
ii. decided
iii. degrades
iv. recently
Answer:
i. incomplete
ii. undecided
iii. upgrades
iv. lately

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
The government proposed a complete ban. (Change the rojce)
Answer:
A complete ban was proposed by the government.

Question 2:
The government proposed a complete ban on plastic. (Choose the correct ‘wh’ question from the alternatives given for the underlined words)
i. Why did the government propose’?
ii. What did the government propose?
iii. When did the government propose?
iv. Where did the government propose? [july 15]
Answer:
ii. What did the government propose?

Question 3:
Plastic is completely banned In the state. (Rewrite in present continuous tense)
Answer:
Plastic is being completely banned in the state.

Question 4:
Plastic remains In the environment for a long time. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Plastic remains in the environment for a long time, doesn’t it?

Question 5:
Plastic degrades slowly. (Chane into negative)
Answer:
Plastic dqs not degrade rapidly.

Question 6:
The anti-plastic movement is gaining stream in cities. (Choose the correct verb from the brackets to change the sentence into a continuous future tense)
(will gain, will be gaining, will gaining) IJuly 151
Answer:
The anti-plastic movement will be gaining stream in cities.

Question 7:
Find out the describing word from the following sentence and use it in your own sentence.
The government proposed a complete ban on plastics.
Answer:
complete — Sometimes experiments can be a complete failure.

Question 8:
Complete the following table as shown. Then select any word from the table and use it in a meaningful sentence.

true	truly
–	recently
–	completely

Answer:

true	truly
recent	recently
complete	completely

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How would you like to contribute to the environment safety programme arranged in your school? [A10 – III (1), pg. 129]
Answer:
I would like to contribute to the environment safety programme arranged in my school in the following way:
i. I would arrange for debates and speeches to bring awareness of the harmful effects of plastic on our environment. ‘
ii. I would take part in small skits on environment issues.
iii. I would make posters and charts with the help of my friends and put them up on notice boards and in the classrooms of my school. –

Question 2:
Why is it very difficult to ban plastic completely? Suggest solutions to overcome this problem. [A10 – III (2), pg. 129]
OR
Suggest any two solutions to overcome the danger of plastic. [Oct 14]
Answer:
It is very difficult to ban plastic completely because it is used on a large scale, but with proper steps, its use can be controlled over a period of time. For this, awareness campaigns should be held and safe alternatives like the use of cotton and paper -bags should be encouraged. Plastic bags for putting vegetables and fruits in malls can be replaced by nylon net bags. Nowadays, stores and malls are charging for plastic bags. This makes people carry their own bags and thus, reduces the use of plastic.

Question 3:
What can we do to avoid the adverse effect of plastic? [July 15]
Answer:
We can adopt the measures given below to avoid the adverse effects of plastic.
i. Find options for plastic products whenever possible.
ii. Opt to buy food in glass or metal containers.
iii. Avoid giving plastic toys to children.
iv. Avoid storing and heating food in plastic containers.
v. Avoid buying beverages that come in plastic bottles.

Passage 4

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage.
i. Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and _______ need to be conserved.
ii. In 2005, the Bombay High Court declared government-owned mangroves as .
iii. The state government has handed over ________ hectares of mangroves to the forest department.
iv. ______- and _______ must go hand in hand.
Answer:
i. wetlands
ii. protected forests
iii. 5,469
iv. Development, environment

Read the passage from line (19 to 52) On page (128) of your textbook and answer the following questions.

[Environmental concerns in ______________
________can go hand in hand.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Complete the table

Coastal ecosystems	Natural disasters

Answer:

Coastal ecosystems	Natural disasters
mangroves	hurricanes
wetlands	tsunamis

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Write from the passage words that mean.
i. tropical growth of plants found near water
ii. protection of plants, animals and natural things
iii. violent storm with very strong winds
iv. extreme large waves caused by earthquakes
Answer:
i. mangroves
ii. conservation
iii. hurricanes
iv. tsunamis

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
Urbanization and development issues compound the problem. (Rewrite using ‘not only ….but also’)
Answer:
Not only urbanization but also development issues compound the problem.

Question 2:
Environmental groups and citizens have been fighting the battle in the state. (Rewrite in Simple Past Tense)
Answer:
Environmental groups and citizens fought the battle in the state.

Question 3:
Answer:
The state government has notified about 5,469 hectares of mangroves, hasn’t it?

Question 4:
The citizens ______ Maharashtra must all become stakeholders ________ this process _______ conservation. (Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions)
Answer:
The citizens of Maharashtra must all become stakeholders in this process of conservation.

Question 5:
Write from the passage opposites of the following words.
i. decrease
ii. artificial
iii. encouraging
iv. solutions
Answer:
i. increase
ii. natural
iii. discouraging
iv. problems

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions

Question 6:
Find out the describing word from the following sentence and use it in your own sentence.
Encouraging signs have emerged recently with the state forming a special mangrove cell.
Answer:
special – Special provisions were made by the company for all its employees.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How important, do you think, is it to educate children about environment problems?
Answer:
In my opinion, it is very important to educate children about environment problems. It is said that thirty percent of the world’s population is under the age of eighteen. If children are made aware of the environmental problems, it will surely be a long-term success. They will develop a sense of responsibility right from their young age, so that when they become adults, they will make choices that will help the environment rather than harm it.

The Earthen Goblet Question and Answers

AlgebraGeometryScience & TechnologyHistoryGeography & EconomicsEnglish

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Mother Nature

Question 1:
Natural and Artificial Calamities
Look at the photographs in your textbook. Decide which ones are natural calamities and which are man-made calamities. [Al, pg. 134]
Answer:

Photo (i)	Fire	Man-made calamity
Photo (ii)	Floods	Natural calamity
Photo (iii)	Earthquake	Natural calamity
Photo (iv)	Bomb blast	Man-made calamity
Photo (v)	Tsunami	Natural calamity
Photo (vi)	Famine	Natural calamity

Question 2:
Difference in natural and manmade calamities
Form comfortable group of four students each and discuss on the following issues: [A2, pg. 134]

Answer:
i. Difference between natural and man­made calamities
Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused due to environmental factors or natural processes of earth. They are unavoidable. Man-made calamities are catastrophic events caused by the actions of human beings, mostly due to’ human neglect,error or intent. They are avoidable.
ii. Reasons of natural and man-made calamities
Natural calamities are caused due to rain and wind storms, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.
Man-made calamities are caused due to acts of war and terrorism, fires, water leakage / blocked drains / broken pipes, explosions, liquid chemical spills, improper construction of buildings, power failures, etc.
iii. Effects of natural and man-made calamities
Natural and man-made calamities cause mass destruction of life, environment and property. They create pollution and disrupt transport, communication and civil amenities. They also trigger panic and bring daily activities to a standstill. Huge amount of resources are spent only to restore the places affected by disasters.
iv. Add your points
There are a few natural calamities that are caused due to prolonged and damaging human activities. Rising levels of pollution, global warming, increasing use of technology, urbanisation, deforestation, etc. have caused catastrophes like acid rain, drought and avalanches among others. Such natural calamities are a wake-up call to mankind.
[Note: Students can add more points on their own.]
v. Sufferings of the people
Loss of life and property, physical and mental injuries, people are left homeless, separation from family, they take a long time to rebuild life, etc.
vi. How to control the calamities
To predict natural calamities much in advance, evacuate people to safety and follow the .instructions of the concerned authorities.
Man-made calamities can be controlled by creating a positive attitude and feeling of brotherhood in every mind and heart.

Question 3:
Nature is always compared to a mother. Discuss with your partner what is common in them. Complete the following table.

Mother	Nature
teaches to be bold	prepares for calamities

Answer:

Mother	Nature
teaches to be bold	prepares for calamities
nurtures her children to do well in their lives	nurtures her creations to fruit and flourish in bounty
loves and takes care of her children	loves and takes care of her creations
provides food and clothing to her children	provides food for plants and animals

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the following expressions and find out the lines from that extract that express them. [A7, pg. 136]
i. Nature is in control of everything
Answer:
Forgetting she’s the one in charge
ii. life full of pains, difficulties and dangers
Answer:
Sending us through living hell
iii. Nature is all powerful
Answer:
She can twist our steel, shake any city
iv. honesty to mother like a calf
Answer:
I fear just seek the golden calf
v. extremely bad situation
Answer:
Or we will incur a deadly plight
vi. We should treat nature properly
Answer:
Treat her with distinction

vii. Our life depends on nature
Answer:
Or surely face extinction

Question 2:
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences.
i. Our world is changing .
a. fast
b. slowly
c. constantly
d. hurriedly
Answer:
c. constantly

ii. She tries to teach us
a. how to speak
b. how to try
c. how to last
d. how to write
Answer:
c. how to last

iii. Mankind is _______ .
a. so intelligent
b. so clever
c. so smart
d. so dull
Answer:
c. so smart

iv. The thing we leave far behind is _____.
a. common sense b. emotions
c. awareness d. relations
Answer:
a. common sense

Question 3:
State whether the following statements are True or False.
i. Our world is changing and re-arranging from ocean depth to the mountain peaks.
ii. Mother nature does not tell us the stories from our past.
Answer:
i. True ii. False
Read the poem on page (135) of your textbook and answer the following questions
[Our world is always _____
________surely face extinction.]

A2. Understanding the Extract

Question 1:
Which stories does Mother Nature tell us?
Answer:
Mother Nature tells us stories of our past.

Question 2:
How does mother nature teach us to continue to live on? [A4 – II (2), pg. 135]
Answer:
Mother nature moves and speaks to us. She tells us the stories of our past through which we can learn to continue to live on.

Question 3:
Why does the poet address mankind as smart but blind? [A4 -1 (2), pg. 135]
Answer:
The poet addresses mankind as smart but blind because it leaves common sense far behind.

Question 4:
What do people forget about the Mother Earth? [A4 – I (3), pg. 135]
Answer:
People forget that Mother Earth is the one in charge of all things in the world.

Question 5:
When do we get amazed? [A4 -1 (4), pg. 135]
Answer:
We get amazed when Mother Nature rings the . bell, i.e. gives us a warning.

Question 6:
What calamities can human beings face on not taking care of Mother Nature?
Answer:
If human beings do not take care of Mother Nature, she can make us face her wrath in many ways. She can send us through living hell. She can destroy our cities or cause earthquakes.

Question 7:
What will happen if we do not treat Mother Nature right?
Answer:
If we do not treat Mother Nature right, we will incur a deadly plight.

Question 8:
What kind of treatment does the poet hope for Mother Nature? [A4 -1 (5), pg. 135]
Answer:
The poet wants the people to treat Mother Nature in the right way, with distinction.

Question 9:
How does mother nature show that she is in control of everything in the world?[A4-II (1), pg. 135]
Answer:
The world is constantly changing and re-arranging, from ocean depths to mountain peaks. Mother nature shows us that she is in control of everything in nature by warning us of our unwise activities and making us experience the severities of our actions by causing destruction.

Question 10:
What does Mother Nature speak about? [Mar 15]
Answer:
other Nature speaks about the stories of the past and tell us that we should not repeat those mistakes in order to last for long. She says that mankind is too smart and is running at a very fast pace, but sometimes man doesn’t see the damage that is being caused to mother nature because of his pace. He forgets that ultimately, mother nature is the one in charge.

Question 11:
What message does the poem give you?
Answer:
The poem gives us a strong message of protecting nature. It says that we must respect mother nature for all her love, care and gifts. If we fail to do so, we may have to experience her wrath. Our failure to take care of nature may cause countless destruction to life and property qn the earth.

A3. Vocabulary

Question 1:
Glance through the extract again and select the proper alternatives given below. [A6, pg. 135]
i. Our world is always changing
a. so many things happen in our life
b. so many people change their jobs
c. so many things happen in the environment
Answer:
c. so many things happen in the environment

ii. Constantly rearranging
a. altering continuously
b. happening continuously
c. none of these
Answer:
a. altering continuously

iii. While telling stories of our past (The underlined part means )
a. history of mankind
b. history of blind people
c. history of smart people
Answer:
a. history of mankind

iv. Mankind, so smart, sometimes blind.
a. people neglecting blind people
b. people don’t care about mother earth and neglect harmful things to her
c. people who are blind are very smart
Answer:
b. people don’t care about mother earth and neglect harmful things to her

v. Forgetting she is the one in charge.
a. got hold on things
b. got in all charges
c. got a post of an officer
Answer:
a. got hold on things

Question 2:
Choose the rhyming words for the following from the stanzas. [Mar 15]
i. cheeks ______
ii. mind _______
Answer:
i. peaks, speaks
ii. blind, behind

Question 3:
Write the pairs of rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:
i. changing – re-arranging
ii. peaks – speaks
iii. past – last
iv. blind – behind
v. large – charge
vi. bell – hell
vii. city – pity
viii. behalf-calf
ix. right – plight
x. distinction – extinction

Question 4:
Write from the extract opposites of the following words.
i. front
ii. small
iii. remembering
iv. heaven
v. wrong
Answer:
i. behind
ii. large
iii. forgetting
iv. hell
v. right

Question 5:
Find the words from the extract that mean:
i. extreme anger
ii. stop to exist
Answer:
i. wrath
ii. extinction

Additional Questions for Practice

Question 1:
Read the poem again and after discussing with your friend answer the following question.
*i. Which common things can you do to protect Mother Nature? [A4 – III (1), pg. 135]
Answer:
The things that we can do to protect Mother Nature are:
a. following the policy‘Live and let live’.
b. trying not to cause harm to any living thing on the earth.
c. conserving the natural habitats of birds and animals.
d. taking steps to avoid causing any kind of pollution.
e. avoiding man-made calamities.

Question 2:
Defining Nature
Make a list of things that are in nature. Define the term ‘nature’.
Nature means ________
Answer:
List of things that are in nature: land (soil, hills, mountains, rocks, plateaus, valleys, deserts, forests, etc.), flora and fauna (plants, animals, birds), water (rain, hailstones, snowfall, rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, etc.), heavenly bodies (the sky; the stars, the planets, the moon, etc.), seasons, wind, earthquake, floods, volcano, etc.
Nature means the physical world and everything in it such as plants, animals, mountains, oceans, stars, etc. that are not man-made.

Question 3:
Phrases
Work in pairs and fill in the blanks in the sentences with the correct expressions given in the box. [A8, pg. 136]
(treat her right, stories of our past, living hell, deadly plight, face extinction)
i. If we do not take proper care of nature, the earth will turn into ______ .
ii. We learn the natural treasure of India through _______
iii. We will _____ very soon if we are cruel to nature.
iv. Our disloyalty towards environment will put us in _________.
v. As the children of Mother Earth, we must _______.
Answer:
i. living hell
ii. stories of our past
iii. face extinction
iv. deadly plight
v. treat her right

Question 4:
Rhyming words
Read the poem again and listen to the music. [A9,pg.l36]
i. What is this music due to?
Answer:
This music is due to the rhyming words.

ii. Look at the last words of every line and write the rhyming words in pairs.
a. changing – rearranging
b. ______ – _________
Answer:
a. changing – rearranging
b. peaks – speaks
c. past-last ‘
d. blind – behind
e. large – charge
f. bell – hell
g. city – pity
h. behalf – calf
i. right – plight
j. distinction – extinction

Question 5:
Love and Anger
Mother Nature is sometimes kind and sometimes cruel. Discuss with your partner and write when you feel that the Nature loves and when it is angry. [A10, pg.36]

Loving Nature Flowers		Angry Nature earthquake

Answer:

Question 6:
Personality
Look at the following line.
‘She tries to teach us how to last.’
i. Teaching is a quality of human beings, can nature teach?
Answer:
Yes, nature can teach man, though her ways are different.

ii. What does the nature teach?
Answer:
Nature teaches us how to survive.

iii. Why is nature called a mother?
Answer:
Nature is called a mother because she does all the duties performed by a mother. She nurtures and nourishes life on earth and gives them lessons of life, as a mother does to her children.

iv. Find out some more lines where you find similar expressions.
Answer:
a. Mother Nature moves and speaks.
b. Forgetting she’s the one in charge.
c. Amazed when she rings our bell.
d. Sending us through living hell.
e. She can twist our steel, shake any city.
f. If her wrath you feel, we shall pity.
g. It’s true, we must treat her right.
h. Treat her with distinction.

Question 1:
Difference
Go through the poem again and find out the difference between Mother Nature and human beings.

Mother nature She is in charge	Human beings Act with own whim

Maharashtra Board SSC Class 10 Solutions for English

Maestro with a Mission Question and Answers