Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Quick Fix Food

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Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for English Reader – Quick Fix Food

Pre-reading Activity

Question 1:
Symbols
Look at the given symbols in your textbook. Write what they symbolize or stand for.
Answer:
Symbol (i) – Logo of International Standards Organisation
Symbol (ii) – Sign of vegetarian food
Symbol (iii) – Sign of non-vegetarian food
Symbol (iv) – AGMARK seal
Symbol (v) – Sign of Food Product Order

Part I

Passage I

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the following.
i. The text is about _______.
ii. The suggestions given by the writer are ______
iii. Oil used in junk food is _____.
iv. It is written by ______.
v. The writer of the article works as ______
Answer:
i. health dangers faced from consumption of chemical additives through packaged and processed food.
ii. to give a thought to one’s eating habits and return to the traditional habits of cooking food at home.
iii. a by-product of petroleum.
iv. Dr. Babu Joseph.
v. the Director of National Institute of Naturopathy.

Question 2:
Choose the correct alternative and complete the sentences.
i. Renal failure is due to
a. metabolism .
b. chemical additives
c. natural food
Answer:
b. chemical additives

ii. Packaged food products have an effect on _______
a. the heart
b. the kidneys
c. the brain
Answer:
b. the kidneys

iii. The sweetener used in packaged food is ______
a. saccharin
b. chemical
c. sugar
Answer:
a. saccharin

Read the passage from line (1 to 14) on page (108) of your textbook and answer the following questions.

[Nowadays, the number……………National Institute of Naturopathy.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the paragraph and complete the following sentences.
i. Over consumption of chemicals results in ______
ii. Working and educated people suffer grave health dangers because _______.
iii. The harmful effect of junk food is due to _____.
iv. Body will not be able to metabolize ________ .
Answer:
i. renal failure.
ii. of over consumption of packaged and processed food products.
iii. the oil used in preparing it.
iv. all the artificial chemicals used in the packaged food products.

Question 2:
Complete the table by writing the effect of consuming different kinds of food from the passage.

	Home cooked food		Processed food
i.		i.
ii.		ii.

Answer:

	Home cooked food		Processed food
i.	keeps you fit	i.	renal failure
ii.	helps to lead an	ii.	the body will not
	active life		metabolize artificial
			chemicals used in
			processed food over a
			period of time

A3. Meaning from the Text .

Question 1:
Complete the following crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

Across:
1. sweet substance
2. chemical activity in all living things

Down: 3. made by man / not natural
4. substances added to food to improve taste.

Answer:
Across:
1. Saccharin
2. Metabolism
Down:
3. Artificial
4. Additives

Question 2:
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

	Column ‘A’		Column ‘B’
i.	renal failure	a.	chemical activity in all living things
ii.	grave health dangers	b.	sweet tasting chemical used instead of sugar
iii.	saccharin	c.	serious health problems
iv.	metabolize	d.	failure of functioning of a kidney

Answer:
(i – d), (ii – c), (iii – b), (iv – a)

A4. Language Study

Question 1:
The number of people suffering from renal failure has increased.(Rewrite in Present Continuous Tense)
Answer:
The number of people suffering from renal failure is increasing.

Question 2:
Youngsters are suffering from renal failure. (What)(Frame Wh-questions using the words given in the brackets) [Mar 14]
Answer:
What are youngsters suffering from?

Question 3:
Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys, don’t they?

Question 4:
People must return to traditional cooking to keep fit. (Why)(Frame Wh-questions using the words given in the brackets)
Answer:
Why should people return to traditional cooking?

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
What kind of food should you prefer? Why? [Mar 14]
Answer: We should prefer fresh homemade food. Home cooked food is less oily and cooked in a traditional way. Such food keeps us fit and helps us to lead an active life. So, we should prefer simple food over junk foods.

Question 2:
Do you consume processed food? Give reasons.
Answer: No, I do not consume processed food. Natural food is fresh. It not only provides health benefits, but also tastes better.

Part 2

Passage 2

A1. Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the following sentences: [A7, pg. 110]
i. Matter of convenience is that people food.
ii. Dairy milk comes in packs. [Mar 16]
iii. is a healthy option. [Mar 16]
iv. is a healthier option. [Mar 16]
v. methods of cooking are better than packaged or processed food. [Mar 16]
Answer:
i. consume packaged
ii. tetra
iii. Cooking at home
iv. Eating dal-chawal
v. Traditional

Read the passage from line (1 to 13) on page (110) of your textbook and ans.wer the following questions.
[A large number __________by traditional methods.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and complete the pairs by using the information given in the text.[A9, pg. Ill]

Answer:
Necessary to know:
i. the quality of packaging used for packaged food
ii. whether additives are used or not to increase the shelf life of packaged foods
Dairy product:
i. packaged in tetra packs without any additives
ii. no contact with air, so it remains fresh for a longer period of time
Ready to eat product:
i. laden with preservatives
ii. have excess oil in the form of trans fats, which can be a threat to health
Canned or processed food:
i. . have excessive salt or sugar

Question 12
Complete the following web by choosing appropriate information, from the extract.

Answer:
i. it has become a matter of convenience, pleases the taste buds and fills their stomach.
ii. fresh for a long period of time.
iii. preservatives and excess oil.
iv. they have excessive salt or sugar.

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing different types of food mentioned in the passage.

Answer:
i. packaged food
ii. ready-to-eat food
iii. processed food
iv. junk food

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out the opposite words. Complete the matching.

	A	B
*i.	Modem
*ii.		Stale [Mar 161
*iii.	Less
*iv.		Unhealthy fMar 161
*v.	Decrease [Mar 161
vi.	Short [Mar 161
vii.	Small
viii.	Never

Answer:

	A	B
*i.	Modem	Traditional
*ii.	Fresh	Stale [Mar 161
*iii.	Less	Excessive
*iv.	Healthy	Unhealthy fMar 161
*v.	Decrease [Mar 16]	Increase
vi.	Short fMar 16]	Long
vii.	Small	Large
viii.	Never	Always

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. a substance added to another substance to alter its properties
ii. length of time that a product can be kept in a shop before it becomes too old to be used
iii. type of fat produced when vegetable oil is made into solid fat
iv. in a large quantity
Answer:
i. additive
ii. shelf-life
iii. trans fat
iv. excessive

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
A large number of people are consuming packaged food.(Change it to Simple Present Tense)
Answer:
A large number of people consume packaged food.

Question 2:
Packaged food pleases the taste buds and fills your stomach.(Rewrite using ‘not only but also’)
Answer:
Packaged food not only pleases the taste buds but also fills your stomach.

Question 3:
Frame ‘wh’ question to get the underlined as a part of the answer. [Mar 16]
i. People are consuming packaged food.
ii. One needs to do a little bit of time management and planning.
Answer:
i. Who are consuming packaged food?
ii. What does one need to do?

Question 4:
I don’t really advocate bakery products.(Add a question tag)
Answer:
I don’t really advocate bakery products, do I?

Question 5:
Cooking at home is always a healthy option.(Rewrite as a negative sentence)
Answer:
Cooking at home is never an unhealthy option.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How would you avoid processed / junk food? [A8 – III (2), pg. 110]
Answer:
I would avoid processed / junk food by eating simple homemade food. I would carry some fruits and light homemade snacks with me if I have to stay out for a longer period of time.

Question 2:
Why do people like fast food inspite of its disadvantages? [A8 – III (3), pg. 110]
Answer:
People consume fast food despite its
disadvantages because:
i. it is convenient.
ii. it saves a lot of time spent in cooking.
iii. it tastes good due to the addition of preservatives, additives and sweeteners.

Question 3:
What kind of food do you prefer? Why?[Mar 16]
Answer:
I prefer fresh home-cooked food as it contains lesser oil and is healthier. Also, home-cooked food is more hygienic than outside food and it does not contain any added preservatives, like the packaged food.

Factual Reading

Question 1:
Read the passage and state whether the following sentences are True or False.
i.We should eat processed food.
ii.We must prefer natural food.
iii.Vitamin C is added while processing.
iv.Processed food does not fill our stomach.
v.Processed food is good for our health.
Answer:
i. False
ii. True
iii. False
iv. False
v. False

Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (113) of your textbook and answer the following questions.
[Any sort of food ________unhealthy food.]

A2. Understanding the Passage

Question 1:
Read the passage and find out the following information. [A15, pg. 113]
1. Food processing _________:
ii. Bioavailability: __________
iii. Names of nutrients: ________
iv. Names of diseases: _________
Answer:
i. Food processing: adding preservatives, storing food in high or low temperatures, alterations in the basic ingredients, increasing certain ingredients like salt and sugar
ii. Bioavailability: absorption of food in the body
iii. Names of nutrients: vitamin C, proteins, fats, carbohydrates
iv. Names of diseases: obesity, heart problems, lethargy, acidity, blood pressure

Question 2:
Complete the web

Answer:
i. Addition of preservatives
ii. Storing food in high or low temperature
iii. Alterations in the basic ingredients of a product.
iv. Increasing certain ingredients like salt and sugar

Question 3:
Complete the web by choosing different nutrients mentioned in the passage.

 

Answer:
i. Vitamin C
ii. Proteins
iii. Fats
iv. Carbohydrates

Question 4:
Complete the web.

Answer:
i. Heart problems
ii. Lethargy
iii. Acidity
iv. Blood pressure

A3. Meaning from the Text

Question 1:
Match the names of diseases with their meanings. [A20, pg. 114]

	Column ‘A’		Column ‘B’
i.	obesity	a.	ailment related to chemicals in body
ii.	lethargy	b.	force of red liquid that flows in body
iii.	acidity	c.	disease related to fatness
iv.	blood pressure	d.	being lazy and doing nothing

Answer:
(i – c), (ii – d), (iii – a), (iv – b)

Question 2:
Write from the passage words that mean:
i. that occurs every time
ii. a change made in the form or nature of a thing
iii. from the point of view of art and beauty
iv. illness that is not serious
Answer:
i. invariably
ii. alteration
iii. aesthetically
iv. ailment

Question 3:
Find the opposites of the following words from the passage.
i. high
ii. fail
iii. won
iv. increasing
Answer:
i. low
ii. succeed
iii. lost
iv. reducing

A4. Language Study
Do as directed.

Question 1:
Nutrients like Vitamin C are lost due to processing.(Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word)
Answer:
There is a loss of nutrients like Vitamin C due to processing.

Question 2:
These food items fill our stomachs but affect the health.(Rewrite using ‘although’)
Answer:
Although these food items fill our stomachs, they affect the health.

Question 3:
We end up consuming unhealthy food.(Add a question tag)
Answer:
We end up consuming unhealthy food, don’t we?

Question 4:
We end up consuming unhealthy food.(Rewrite as a negative sentence)
Answer:
We end up consuming food that is not healthy.

A5. Personal Response

Question 1:
How do you decide the nutritional value of a product? [A16 – III (1), pg. 113]
Answer:
I decide the nutritional value of a product by reading the information on the packaging with respect to various preservatives and additives used in the product. It is mandatory for every manufacturer to state the ingredients used in the preparation of a processed food item. Also, it is essential to give the nutritional value on the packaging.

Question 2:
What kind of information should you look for while selecting any food product?[A16 – III (2), pg. 113]
Answer:
The information that we should look for while selecting any food product can be:
i. the date of manufacturing and expiry (best before) of the product.
ii. list of ingredients including the additives, preservatives, salts and sweeteners used in the preparation of the product.

Question 1:
Read and complete
Read Part I and fill in the blanks providing proper information from the text. Work in a pair or a group. Check your answer with the other i pair or group. [A2, pg. 108]

In the age of pollution, chemicals and fast food most of the people have physical problem of ______. Excessive use of chemicals in packaged ______food affects our . Oil used in such products
I is prepared from . The sweetness of such foods is increased using _____and the body cannot ________ due to chemicals.
Answer:
In the age of pollution, chemicals and fast , food most of the people have physical problem of renal failure. Excessive use of chemicals in packaged food affects our kidneys. Oil used in such products is prepared from petroleum. The sweetness of such foods is increased using t saccharin and the body cannot metabolize properly due to chemicals.

Question 2:
Read Part I quickly and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions. [A3, pg. 109]

i. Answer in a word or in one sentence.
a. Which part of the body is likely to get affected by overeating packaged food?
Answer:
The kidneys are likely to get affected by overeating packaged food

b. What is the source of oil used in preparing junk food?
Answer:
The source of oil used in preparing junk food is petroleum.

c. What thing do some people use to make packaged food sweet?
Answer:
Some people use saccharin to make packaged food sweet.

ii. Answer in two or three sentences.
a. Why do people nowadays suffer from the renal failure?
Answer:
Nowadays, people suffer from renal failure because they consume a lot of packaged and processed food. Over consumption of chemicals present in such food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys.

b. What habits help us to enjoy active life?
Answer:
The habits that will help us to enjoy an active life are avoiding consumption of packaged and processed food and returning to the traditional habits of cooking food at home.

iii. Give your own response in a short paragraph.
a. Why is junk food / processed food not
Answer:
Junk food / processed food is not good for health because it contains chemical additives. These chemicals are added to preserve the food for a long time. The oil used in preparing junk food is a by product of petroleum. Saccharin is used as a sweetener. Though this type of food fills our stomach, it fails to provide nourishment for our body and more importantly has adverse effects on our health.

b. What advice does Dr. Joseph give to people in this passage?
Answer:
Dr. Joseph advises people to eat natural food and return to traditional habits of cooking food at home. He also asks them to avoid junk food / processed food because it contains chemical additives, wfech are harmful to their body.

Question 3:
Problems, reasons and remedies
Listed below are some of the health related problems that people commonly suffer from. Work in pairs and find out the reasons of the problems and remedies to overcome them.

	Problems	Reasons	Remedies
i.	Heart Attack
ii.	Blood Pressure
iii.	Cancer
iv.	Obesity

Answer:

	Problems	Reasons	Remedies
	Heart Attack	obesity, blood pressure, eating junk food and fast food, irregular eating hours, smoking and drinking alcohol	develop good eating habits like eating fresh food cooked in less oil, avoid overeating, follow regular eating hours, exercise regularly
ii.	Blood Pressure	smoking, drinking alcohol, eating spicy and oily food, sleeplessness , tension, fatigue	avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, eat fresh and homemade food cooked in less oil, take proper rest
iii.	Cancer	smoking, consuming tobacco products, exposure to radiations	follow a good lifestyle (food,rest, exercise,medicines on time, etc.)
iv.	Obesity	overeating, consuming oily food, thyroid problem	avoid overeating, have a balanced diet, walk and exercise regularly

Question 4:
Notice the products
Work in pairs and make a list of the following words.

Dairy Products	Bakery Products

Answer:

Dairy Products	Bakery Products
milk, cream, curd, buttermilk, butter, ghee, paneer, cheese, ice­cream	biscuits, cake, pastries, bread, buns, toast, cookies, pizza

Question 5:
Read Part II and after discussing with your partner answer the following questions.

i. Answer in a word or a phrase.
a. Why are additives used in food?
Answer:
to increase its shelf life

b. What are ready-to-eat food loaded with?
Answer:
preservatives, excess oil in the form of trans fats

c. What does canned / processed food contain?
Answer:
additives, preservatives, excess salt or sugar, excess oil in the form of trans fats

d. What type of food should we insist on?
Answer:
Indian food cooked by traditional methods

ii. Answer these questions in two to three sentences each.
a. Why do people enjoy packaged food?
Answer:
People enjoy packaged food because it has become a matter of convenience. Such food pleases the taste buds and fdls fee stomach.

b. Why does milk from dairy remain fresh for a longer period?
Answer:
Milk from dairy remains fresh for a longer period because it comes in tetra packs without any additives and it has no contact with air.

iii. Give your own responses in brief.
a. What kind of food can be a threat to health?
Answer:
There are various kinds of food that can be a threat to health, like:
i. The ready-to-eat products that are laden with chemical additives, preservatives and have excess oil in the form of trans fats.
ii. packaged / processed food.

Question 6:
Opposites
Now, work in pairs and fill in the blanks by selecting the proper word from the brackets. [A10, pg. Ill]
i. (Natural / Artificial) product is
ii. harmful to our health. You must not (increase / decrease) your weight for (healthy / unhealthy) life.
iii.We should eat _____ (less / excessive) at night.
iv.We should eat ______ (fresh / stale) food for good health.
v. We cannot live (with / without) air.
Answer:
i. . Artificial
ii. increase, healthy
iii. less
iv. fresh
v. without

Question 7:
Using words
Read the given sentences and use appropriate words from the box for the underlined words in the sentences. Refer to Part II to get the clues.

Question 8:
Joining words
Read the given sentences. Find out the meanings of the words in the boxes. Write the number of the matching sentences with the meanings provided. Work in pair.

Question 9:
Compound words
Look at the word ‘processed food’. ‘Food’ is a naming word. ‘Process’ is an action word. Discuss with your partner what has helped the action word to turn into describing word. Change the following words into describing words. One is done for you. [A13, pg. 112]


Find out more such describing words from the text.
Answer:
packaged food, educated people, canned food.

Question 10:
Types of illness
Look at the photographs given in your textbook. Imagine and discuss what these persons might be suffering from. Write about the nature of suffering. [A14, pg. 112]
Answer:
Photograph (i):
a. Problem: weak bones
b. Suffering from: rickets
c. Causes: deficiency of Vitamin D
d. Remedies: exposure to sunlight
Photograph (ii):
a. Problem: inability to use legs
b. Suffering from: polio
c. Causes: no proper vaccination in childhood, infected by polio virus
d. Remedies: no remedy, use of crutches compulsory

Photograph (iii):
a. Problem: overweight
b. Suffering from: obesity or thyroid
c. Causes: overeating, lack of exercise, hypo-thyroidism
d. Remedies: control over diet, regular exercise

Photograph (iv):
a. Problem: deformed hands and legs
b. Suffering from: leprosy
c. Causes: unhygienic conditions
d. Remedies: can be cured through medication

Question 11:
Read Part III and after discussing with your partner, answer the following questions. [A16, pg. 113]
i. Answer in one sentence.
a. What maintains the aesthetic value of a product?
Answer:
The aesthetic value of a product is maintained by the methods of processing and use of additives.

b. What nutrients are mentioned in the passage?
Answer:
The nutrients mentioned in the passage are vitamin C, proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

c. What disease will you suffer from if you eat processed food?
Answer:
If we eat processed food, we will suffer from diseases like obesity, heart problems, lethargy, acidity and blood pressure.

ii. Answer in two or three sentences.
a. Why do people suffer from different diseases?
Answer:
People suffer from different diseases because they consume processed food in large amounts. Such food contains additives and preservatives, which are harmful to health. Alterations made in the structure of certain nutrients like proteins, fats and carbohydrates lead to various diseases.

b. When are the nutrients in food lost?
Answer:
Food processing leads to loss of nutrients in food. It leads to alterations in the structure of certain nutrients like proteins, fats and carbohydrates, thus reducing its bioavailability. The use of additives also leads to nutrient loss.

c. When are the labels misleading?
Answer:
Labels can be misleading if consumers do not interpret them correctly and end up purchasing and consuming unhealthy food.

Selecting Packaged Food
Look at the picture of a wrapper of a packaged food in your textbook and find your responses to the following: [A18, pg. 114]
i. Ingredients:
ii. Nutritional value:
iii. Precaution:
iv. Manufacturing date:
v. (this symbol in green colour) means:
vi. Appeal to buy:
Answer:
i. Ingredients: rice meal, edible vegetable oil, com meal, maida, onion powder, garlic powder, green chilli powder, amchur, sugar, citric acid, salt, etc.

ii. Nutritional value (approximately):

Per 100 gm
Energy	kcal	570
Protein	g	6.4
Carbohydrate	g	53.9
Sugar	g	4.2
Fat	S	40

iii. Precaution: To be consumed before four months from the date of manufacturing
iv. Manufacturing date: 15 March, 2013
v. 0: the food is vegetarian
vi. Appeal to buy: colourful packaging, cholesterol free, no added MSG.

Question 13:
Check your reading
Read Part III and after discussing with your partner, fill in the blanks by using the correct words given in the bracket [such as, if…. then, due to, high or low, but]
i. The doctors could not investigate whether Mr Mohan has _____ blood pressure.
ii. Ready-to-eat products available in market satisfy our hunger . they can be fatal to our health.
iii. Every year many people die in remote areas malnutrition.
iv. you have good eating habits you will have no health problems.
v. If we take balanced diet, we would not suffer from many health problems blood pressure, acidity, heart attack and diabetes.
Answer:
i. high or low
ii. but
iii. due to
iv. If, then
v. such as

Question 14:
Participles
i. Look at the following sentences and the underlined part. Discuss with your partner the questions given below and note your observations and responses. [A21, pg. 115]
a. Packaged food products have an adverse effect on the kidneys.-
b. Working people must understand the grave health dangers they face.
c. People should reconsider their eating habits.
Discuss
• What is the root word of the underlined word?
Answer:
The root word of the underlined word in each sentence is a verb. In sentence (a), it is ‘pack’, in sentence (b) it is ‘work’ and in sentence (c) it is ‘eat’.

• What is added to the root word?
Answer:
Either ‘-ed’ or ‘-ing’. is added to the root word.

• Are these action words?
Answer:
Yes, these are action words.

• What are they used as?
Answer:
They are used as describing words / adjectives.

ii. Now, use the correct words given in the brackets.
a. Most of the young children like (frying / fried) food.
b. Some people love (cooking / cooked) food and some love (cooking / cooked) food.
c. We should not eat (forbidden / forbidding) medicine.
d. (Eaten / Eating) rice is always nice for good health.
e. (Processing /• Processed) food has added salt and sugar to enhance the taste.
Answer:
a. fried
b. cooking, cooked
c. forbidden
d. Eating
e. Processed

iii. Now, go through all the three parts of the text and find out the different sentences where the words are used in both ‘-ed’ form as well as ‘-ing’ form. (Underline)
Answer:
a. This is happening due to the possible increase in consumption of chemical additives through packaged and processed food.
b. Especially working and educated people must understand the grave health dangers they face from over consumption of these packaged and processed food products.
c. Also, it is important to note the quality of packaging used for these products and whether additives are used or not to increase their shelf life.
d. Any sort of food processing done means altering the composition of the food items which invariably changes the nutritional value and increases the shelf life of the product.

iv. Look at the words in given balloons. Discuss with your partner and make meaningful sentences using these words.

v. Now, here is a news telecasted on TV. Fill in the blanks with the participles occurred in the news. ( word file)
rise-industry; break-news; contaminate- water; pollute-water; boil-water; pollute- air]

“Here is a ________ . It is reported that the villagers of Devanchi Wadi developed indigestion problems due to _________ . The doctor has advised not to use________ but to have only ________ . The villagers are also suffering from the problem of_______ due to the_______ in the nearby area.”

Answer:
“Here is a breaking news. It is reported that the villagers of Devanchi Wadi developed indigestion problems due to contaminated water. The doctor has advised not to use polluted water, but to have only boiled water. The villagers are also suffering from the problem of polluted air due to the rising industries in the nearby area.”

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