NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China.
| Board | CBSE |
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Social Science History |
| Chapter | Chapter 2 |
| Chapter Name | The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China |
| Number of Questions Solved | 9 |
| Category | NCERT Solutions |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China
From the exam point of view, the students should be able to:
- Examine the nature of French Colonialism in Indo-China
- Outline the different stages of the anti-imperialist struggle in Indo-China
- Assess the impact of French Colonialism in Vietnam
- Evaluate the role of different leaders of the Vietnamese freedom struggle
- Define terms like Battle of Dien Bien Phu, Domino effect, Vietnamese trail
- State the reasons for U.S. Intervention in Vietnam
- Trace the victory of Vietnam against the U.S. Army
NCERT Questions
Question 1.
Write a note on :
(a) What was meant by the ‘civilising mission’ of the colonisers
(b) Huynh Phu So.
Answer:
(a) The European imperialists considered themselves the most advanced and civilised people of the world. So they felt that it was their duty to civilise their colonies by introducing modern ideas through western education. This became a civilising mission for the imperial European nations.
(b) Huynh Phu So was a Buddhist religious scholar. He launched the Hoa Hao movement which drew on religious ideas popular in anti-French uprisings of the nineteenth century. He performed miracles and helped the poor. He criticised useless expenditure and also opposed the sale of child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium. He was exiled to Laos for supporting the nationalists.
Question 2.
Explain the following
(a) Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving examinations. [2010]
(b) The French began building canals cul draining lands in the Mekong delta.
Or
Describe any five steeps taken by the French for the development of the ‘Mekong Delta Region’. [2015]
(c) The government made the Saigon Native
Girls School take back the students it had expelled, [2011]
Or
Describe the major protest which erupted in Saigon Native Girls School in 1926, in Vietnam. [2015]
(d) Rats were most common in the modem, newly built areas of Hanoi. [2012]
Answer:
(a) Usually, as many as two-thirds of the Vietnamese students were failed because of a deliberate policy of failing students, particularly in the final year, so that they could not qualify for the better-paid jobs.
(b) The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation, specially of rice, which could be exported to international market.
Or
The French took the following steps to develop the Mekong Delta Region:
- The French built canals
- The French started the drainage of lands to increase land for cultivation.
- A vast system of earthworks was built
- Trans-Indo-China rail network was constructed linking the northern and southern part of Vietnam and also with China.
- Another line linking Vietnam to Suan via Cambodia (Phnom Penh) was also built.
(c) In 1926, a major protest erupted in the Saigon Native Girls School when the principal expelled a Vietnamese girl for sitting in one of the front seats and for refusing to go to the back seat when asked. When angry students protested, they too were expelled, leading to a further spread of open protests. When the situation went out of control, the government forced the school authorities to take the students back.
(d) The French part of Hanoi was built beautiful and clean with wide avenues and well-laid-out sewer system. The refuse from the old city drained straight out into the river or, during heavy rains or floods, overflowed into the streets. The large sewers in modern Hanoi became ideal breading ground for rats. The sewers also served as a great transport system, allowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.
Question 3.
Describe the ideas behind the Tonkin Free School. To what extent was it a typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam? [2013]
Answer:
The Tonkin Free School was started in 1907 to provide a western-style education including classes in science, hygiene and French. The school’s approach to what it means to be ‘modern’ is a typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam. According to the thinking prevalent at that time it was not enough to learn science and western ideas. To be modern the Vietnamese had also look modern. For this the school encouraged the adoption of western styles such as having a short haircut, while the Vietnamese traditionally kept long hair.
Question 4.
What was Phan Chu Trinh’s objective for Vietnam? How were his ideas different from those of Phan Boi Chau?
Answer:
Phan Chu Trinh was one of the great Vietnamese nationalists of the early 20th century. His ideas regarding Western culture were different from those of Phan Boi Chau. He sought to end France’s brutal occupation of Vietnam. He was intensely hostile to monarchy and was opposed to the idea of resisting the French with the help of the court. He was deeply influenced by the democratic ideals of the West. So his desire was to establish a democratic republic. Phan Chu Trinh did not accept revolutionary ideas of Phan Boi Chau. He did not want a wholesale rejection of western civilisation. He accepted the French revolutionary ideal of liberty but charged the French for not abiding by the ideal. He demanded that the French set up legal and educational institutions, and develop agriculture and industries.
Question 5.
With reference to what you have read in this chapter, discuss the influence of China on Vietnam’s culture and life.
Or
Explain any three features of Scholars Revolt in 1868 in Vietnam. [2010]
Answer:
(a) Early history of Vietnam shows many different groups of people living in this area under the shadow of the powerful empire of China. Even after the establishment of an independent country, what is now northern and central Vietnam, its rulers continued to maintain the Chinese system of government as well as Chinese culture.
(b) The elites in Vietnam spoke Chinese language. Not only this, a number of people in Vietnam followed Confucianism, the religion of China. Phan Boi Chau, a Vietnamese nationalist, was educated in the Confucian tradition. He wrote his most influential book, The History of the Loss of Vietnam under the strong influence and advice of the Chinese reformer Liang Qichao.
(c) Early Vietnamese nationalists had a close relationship with China. China provided models for those looking to change, a refuge for those who were escaping French police, and a location where a wider Asian network of revolutionaries could be established.
(d) Developments in China also inspired Vietnamese nationalists. Inspired by these developments, Vietnamese students organised the Association for the Restoration of Vietnam (Viet-Nam Quan Phuc Hoi). (Select any three)
Question 6.
What was the role of religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam?
Or
Explain, with examples, how religious groups played an important role in the development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam. [2014]
Answer:
Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices. Christianity introduced by French missionaries was intolerant of this easygoing attitude and viewed the Vietnamese tendency to revere the supernatural as something to be corrected.
In 1868, the Scholars Revolt led by officials at the imperial court angered by the spread of Catholicism and French power. They led a general uprising in Ngu An and Ha Tien provinces where over a thousand Catholics were killed. But this uprising served to inspire other patriots to rise up against them. The elites in Vietnam were educated in Chinese and Confucianism. But religious beliefs among the peasantry were shaped by a variety of syncretic traditions that combined Buddhism and local beliefs. There were many popular religions in Vietnam that claimed to have seen a vision of God. Some of these religions supported the French but others inspired movements against colonial rule. One of the anti-colonial movements was the Hoa Hao movement. It was launched by Huynh Phu So in 1939. It played a significant role in arousing anti-imperialist sentiments among Vietnamese.
Question 7.
Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war in Vietnam. What effect did this involvement have on life within the US itself?
Or
Explain the reaction with in the United States to its involvement in the Vietnam war during the 1960s. [2011]
Answer:
After the Geneva peace agreement Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh with the communists took the power in the north while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south. The Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by a coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem who built a repressive and authoritarian government. His dictorial rule came to be opposed by a broad opposition united under the banner of the National Liberation Front (NLF). The NLF wanted unification of the .country while the US wanted the anti-communist government in South Vietnam to continue at any cost. So it decided to intervene and made its entry into the war.
After the Franco-Chinese war the French assumed control of Tonkin and Annam. In 1887, French Indo-China came into existence. In the following decades the French sought to consolidate their position and developed infrastructure to transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region.
They started the construction of trans-Indo-China rail network to connect the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China. They also wanted to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education. They tried to change the values, norms and perceptions of the people, to make them believe in the superiority of French and the inferiority of the Vietnamese.
Question 8.
Write an evaluation of the Vietnamese war against the US from the point of
(a) a porter on the Ho Chi Minh Trail,
(b) a woman soldier,
Answer:
(a) The porters on the Ho Chi Minh Trail played a vital role in the war against the US. They used the imense network of footpaths and roads most heroically. Most of these porters were women. These porters carried about 25 kilos weight on their backs, or about 70 kilos on their bicycles. As the routes were very narrow and dangerous, there was risk of their falling into the deep valleys. Moreover, the US regularly bombed this trail trying to disrupt supplies. But facing all these circumstances, the brave porters maintained the important supply line.
(b) Women played specific role in the anti-imperialist movement in Vietnam. They helped in nursing the wounded, constructing underground rooms and tunnels and even in fighting the enemy. Along the Ho Chi Minh trail young volunteers kept open 2,195 km of strategic roads and guarded 2,500 key points. They built six airstrips, neutralised tens of thousands of bombs, transported tens of thousands of kilograms of cargo, weapon and food and shot down fifteen planes. According to one military historian, there were 1.5 million women in the regular army, the militia, the local forces and professional teams.
A story tells us about the incredible bravery of Nguyen Thi Xuan who was reputed to have shot down a jet with just twenty bullets.
Question 9.
What was the role of women in the anti-impena! struggle in Vietnam? Compare this with the role of women in the nat ionalist struggle in India.
Answer:
Women played a specific role in the anti-imperialist movement in Vietnam. They helped in nursing the wounded, constructing underground rooms and tunnels and even in fighting the enemy. Along the Ho Chi Minh trail young volunteers kept open 2,195 km of strategic roads and guarded 2,500 key points. They built six airstrips, neutralised tens of thousands of bombs, transported tens of thousands of kilograms of cargo, weapon and food and shot down fifteen planes. According to one military historian, there were 1.5 million women in the regular army, the militia, the local forces and professional teams.
A story tells us about the incredible bravery of Nguyen Thi Xuan who was reputed to have shot down a jet with just twenty bullets.
During the nationalist movement, many women moved out of their homes on a public area. They participate in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. They began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.
In comparison to the direct and active participation of Vietnamese wofnen in the anti-imperial struggle, India women’s role was not equally dynamic in the nationalist struggle in India. By following Gandhian ideals, Indian women boycotted foreign goods and picketed liqour shops. Although women like Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Nehru and Kasturba Gandhi were keenly involved in mainstream politics but it was primarily controlled by meh only.
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