NCERT Class 9 Science Lab Manual – Features of Monocot and Dicot Plants

NCERT Class 9 Science Lab Manual – Features of Monocot and Dicot Plants

EXPERIMENT

Aim
To study the external features of root, stem, leaf and flower of monocot and dicot plants.

Theory

1. Angiosperms: All flower bearing plants are called angiosperms. It has been divided into two categories, i.e. Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon.
2. Cotyledon: Seed leaves are called cotyledons.
   

Diagrammmmatic Representation
Germination. Growth of radicle and plumule from the seed is called germination. The seed swells and the radicle breaks out through the seed coat at the Micropyle.
Micropyle: It is the weak spot in the seed coat where the radicle escapes into the growing medium.
Hypocotyl: The connection between the radicle and the cotyledon, which develops into hook and pushes the growing seed towards the surface.
Epicotyl: It is the mature shoot which begins to grow.

 

Materials Required
Sample of monocot and dicot plants. 10-20 days prior soaked seeds which have shown the germination, seeds of maize, wheat, green gram, peas. Slide of T.S. of Monocot stem and Dicot stem, microscope.

Procedure

1. Take two seeds of maize and peas each and soak them in water. Allow them to become tender. Next day try to split the seed. Observe whether the seeds break into two equal halves.
2. Take the germinated seeds, bearing root leaves, stems, flowers and have turned into plants.
3. Observe the root system in both maize and peas, type of venation in leaves. Record your observations.
4. Now look at the stem of both the plants, woody, fleshy, branched, unbranched etc.
5. Observe the flowers carefully for both maize and pea plant and carefully see the number of sepals, petals, type of pollens in each flower.
6. Observe the transverse section of slide showing Monocot and Dicot stem with arrangement of vascular bundles.
7. Record your observation in the table and draw diagrams of all the parts studied by you.

Observation Table

Conclusion
Monocot and dicot plants have many distinctive features which reveals the difference between them.

Precautions

1. Seeds should be soaked for a day or two. (in winters soak the seeds in lukewarm water)
2. During germination of seed, put the seeds in wet cotton initially.
3. The colour of sepals and petals in most of the monocots may be same (tepals), do not get confused over this.

VIVA VOCE

Question 1:
Name two divisions of Angiosperms.
Answer:
Monocots and Dicots.

Question 2:
Name the world’s largest seed and smallest seed.
Answer:
The largest seed is coco-de-mer and smallest seed is orchid seed both are Monocots.

Question 3:
What are tepals?
Answer:
In monocot flowers the sepals and petals are mostly of same colours, together they are called tepals.

Question 4:
Which root system contain bulbs?
Answer:
Fibrous root.

Question 5:
Name the largest family plants of Monocots.
Answer:
Orchids.

Question 6:
A student observed the slides of T.S. of maize, what type of vascular bundles are seen?
Answer:
The T.S. of maize shows scattered vascular bundles.

Question 7:
What is the radicle?
Answer:
The first outgrowth from the germinating seed is called radicle.

Question 8:
What is the function of endosperm?
Answer:
It provides food for the developing embryo.

Question 9:
An unknown plant contains 6 petals, leaves show parallel venation, is it a monocot or dicot?
Answer:
It is a monocot plant.

PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
What are cotyledons?
Answer:
The seed leaves are called cotyledons.

Question 2:
How many petals do monocot and dicot flowers bear?
Answer:
The monocot flowers bear 3 petals or multiples of 3, the dicot flowers bear 4, 5 or multiples of these numbers of sepals and petals.

Question 3:
What type of stem do we see in monocot plants?
Answer:
The stem is soft, unbranched and not woody.

Question 4:
What is the function of bulbs present in monocot roots?
Answer:
The fibrous roots are short, gives less nutrient to the plant, during spring when leaves are shed, these bulbs supply stored food in them to the plant.

Question 5:
When the monocot seed starts germinating initially what type of root system do you observe?
Answer:
The initial root that comes out of the germinating seed is tap root, it dies and is replaced by adventitious roots.

Question 6:
On soaking the monocot and dicot seeds, which germinates faster?
Answer:
Monocot seeds germinate faster than the dicot seeds.

Question 7:
Which division of angiosperms provides the food-grain in large quantity?
Answer:
Monocot seeds are the largest food crop. eg. wheat, maize, rice, barley.

Question 8:
What is common in sugarcane, banana and pineapple?
Answer:
All of these are Monocots.

Question 9:
What is micropyle?
Answer:
The weak spot in the seed coat where the radicle escapes out is called micropyle.

Question 10:
Name different parts of seed.
Answer:
The seed has seed coat, endosperm, embryo.

Question 11:
Identify the seed of the plant.

Answer:
It is a dicot seed as two cotyledons are seen.

NCERT LAB MANUAL QUESTIONS

Question 1:
How do we differentiate between fibrous root system and tap-root system?
Answer:
Tap root: It has a main root with lateral roots growing on the primary root.
Fibrous roots: It has no main root, all roots grow like fibres.

Question 2:
A plant has leaves with reticulate venation and floral parts consisting of 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, and 5 carpels. In which group of angiosperms would you place this plant? Give reasons.
Answer:
The plant is dicot as the flowers are pentamerous i.e. floral parts are five in number.

Question 3:
In a plant, name two features which you would examine to categorise it into a monocot or a dicot.plant.
Answer:
In any given plant, to classify it as monocot or dicot, we need to see the venation in leaves, reticulate/net like pattern is dicot and parallel venation is monocot.
The flowers are trimerous (three petals) in monocot and pentamerous(five petals) in dicots.

Question 4:
Do all flowers have all the floral parts? Explore.
Answer:
No, all the flowers may not have all the floral parts.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1:
The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is
(a) fern
(b) gymnosperm
(c) algae
(d) angiosperm.

Question 2:
The main difference in Ferns, Fungi and Angiosperm is that angiosperms have
(a) true leaves, stems, roots
(b) fronds
(c) hyphae
(d) cotyledon

Question 3:
Flowers are mainly herbaceous and includes species that produce bulbs (lilies), grasses, orchids and palms belong to
(a) Dicot
(b) Ferm
(c) Monocot
(d) Moss

Question 4:
Endosperm is present in
(a) monocot seeds
(b) dicot seeds
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) non of these

Question 5:
Seed leaves are called
(a) veins
(b) stipules
(c) colyledons
(d) radicle

Question 6:
World’s smallest and largest seed is
(a) monocot-smallest, dicot-largest
(b) dicot-smallest, monocot-largest
(c) both dicot
(d) both monocot

Question 7:
The division of angiospenn that provides the largest food crop is
(a) dicot
(b) Monocot
(c) both (a) & (b)
(d) none of these

Questions based on Observational Skills

Question 8:
The given figures of flowers A and B represent

(a) A-Monocot; B-Dicot
(b) A-Dicot; B-Monocot
(c) Both Monocot
(d) Both Dicot

Question 9:
Vascular tissues diagram is shown below, the correct identification is

(a) A-Monocot ; B-dicot
(b) A-Dicot; B-Monocot
(c) both Monocot
(d) both Dicot.

Question 10:
Seeds were soaked in water, some seeds were soft and were easily broken into two equal halves it is
(a) Monocot seed
(b) Dicot seed
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these.

Question 11:
The weak spot in the seed from where the germinated part of seeds come out is
(a) radicle
(b) plumule
(c) micropyle
(d) endosperm.

Question 12:
The stem of the monocot plant is
(a) soft
(b) unbranched
(c) not woody
(d) all of these.

Question 13:
A student studied the different parts of seed and labelled it as follows:

The wrong labelling is of
(a) seed-coat
(b) cotyledon
(c) endosperm
(d) both (b) & (c)

Question 14:
Identify the seed of a plant

(a) monocot
(b) dicot
(c) both (a) & (b)
(d) can’t say

Question 15:
Plant A has leaves with parallel venation & Plant B has leaves with reticulate venation. The plants are
(a) A – dicot; B – monocot
(b) A – monocot; B – dicot
(c) both are monocot
(d) both are dicot

Questions based on Reporting and Interpretation Skills

Question 16:
The monocot among the following is
(a) pine
(b) gram
(c) sugarcane
(d) sunflower.

Question 17:
The number of petals, stamens or other floral parts in monocot flowers are
(a) multiples of five
(b) multiples of four
(c) divisible by three
(d) none of these.

Question 18:
In monocot flower, tepals are
(a) same colour petals & sepals, collectively
(b) petals & sepals are joined together
(c) both (a) & (b)
(d) none of these.

Question 19:
Flower parts are in 3’s or multiples of 3, it is
(a) dicot
(b) monocot
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) can’t say.

Question 20:.
Which of the following is not the characteristic of dicots?
(a) a tap root system
(b) parallel venation.
(c) two cotyledons.
(d) 5 petals of a flower.

Question 21:
Which of the following is not considered in classification of a plant into monocot or dicot?
(a) number of floral parts
(b) venation in leaves
(c) number of seed leaves
(d) size of maturity.

Question 22:
The radicle and the plumule that grows from the seed on maturity becomes
(a) shoot and root respectively
(b) root and shoot respectively
(c) leaf and stem respectively
(d) stem and leaf respectively.

Question 23:
A student saw a specimen of a plant and described it as having soft stem, which is unbranched and woody, the sepals and petals have same colour and look alike. The given plant is
(a) dicot
(b) monocot
(c) both (a) & (b)
(d) can’t say

Question 24:
Which among these plants is Monocot?
(a) Sugarcane, wheat, rice
(b) Banana, barley, maize
(c) Pineapple, rice & barley
(d) all of these

Question 25:
In the legumes like peas, the food in seed is stored in
(a) Seed coat
(b) Endosperm
(c) Cotyledon
(d) Radicle

SCORING KEY WITH EXPLANATION

1. (d) Angiosperm are the biggest flowering plants.
2. (a) Angiosperm has true roots stems and leaf.
3. (c) All of them show fibrous root system.
4. (c) Endosperm is present in all types of seeds.
5. (c) Cotyledons are seed leaves.
6. (d) Monocot seed can be very- tiny or very big.
7. (b) Monocot has the largest number, of crops.
8. (a) Monocot are divisible/multiple by 3.
9. (a) In monocot the vascular bundles are scattered in stem, but in dicot it is in ring shape.
10. (b) Dicot seeds have 2 cotyledons.
11. (c) Micropyle is the small pore on the seed through which germinated parts comes out.
12. (d) Monocot stem is soft with no branches.
13. (d) Endosperm is a tissue present inside the seed.
14. (b) The seed has 2 cotyledons so it is dicot.
15. (b) Monocot has parallel venation and dicot has reticulate venation in leaves.
16. (c) Sugarcane has fibrous root structure, so it is monocot.
17. (c) In monocot the petals, stamens are divisible/multiple of 3.
18. (a) Tepals means same colour petals and sepals.
19. (b) Monocot are divisible/multiple by 3.
20. (b) Dicots have reticulate venation on leaves.
21. (d) Maturity size is not considered in plant classification.
22. (b) Plumule becomes shoot and radicle becomes root.
23. (b) Monocot stem is soft with no branches.
24. (d) All the given plants are monocot.
25. (b) Endosperm stores the food.

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