NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Industries

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Industries NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries InText Questions and Answers

Activity (Page 48)

Question 1.
Trace the journey of your shirt from a cotton field to your wardrobe.
Answer:
The journey of the shirt started from the cotton field when cotton was picked from the plants and sent to the factories where cotton was separated from their seeds and converted into threads. Through the process of weaving the thread was converted into cloth. The cloth went through the process of dyeing and printing. In the garments industry, the cloth was converted into shirts. Shirts were packed and sent to the market for sale. Finally, it reached our wardrobe.

Activity (Page 49)

Question 1.
Give some examples of agro-based industries.
Answer:

1. Cotton textile
2. Rubber industry
3. Sugar industry
4. Tea industry
5. Coffee industry
6. Tobacco industry
7. Woolen industry

Activity (Page 50)

Question 1.
Find out the inputs, outputs, and processes involved in the manufacture of a leather shoe.
Answer:
Inputs:

• Animal skin
• Tannery
• Human labour
• Factory
• Water and transport cost

Processes involved:

• Washing
• Cleaning
• Tanning
• Designing

Output:

• Shoe

Let’s do (Page 55)

Question 1.
With the help of an atlas identify some Iron and Steel Industries in India and mark their location on an outline map of India.
Answer:

Activity (Page 58)

Question 1.
Collect different types of cloth pieces from the tailor’s shop and classify them under cotton, silk, synthetic, and woolen. Find the raw materials used in their manufacturing.
Answer:
Students, do yourselves.

Let’s do (Page 58)

Question 1.
On an outline map of the world mark the places which provide raw material to the cotton textile industry of Osaka.
Answer:
The textile industry at Osaka imports cotton from Egypt, India, China, and the USA.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions,
(i) What is meant by the term Industry?
Answer:
Meaning of Industry:
Industry means an economic activity that is related to the production of goods, extraction of minerals, and the provision of services.

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Answer:
Factors which affect the location of an industry are

• Availability of raw material
• Land
• Water
• Labour
• Power
• Capital
• Transport
• Market
• Government policies

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of the modem industry. This is so because it is a “feeder” industry whose products are used as raw materials for other industries.

(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Answer:
The cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of the following reasons:

• First mill established in Mumbai in 1854.
• Warm and moist climate.
• Port facility for importing machinery.
• Availability of raw materials.
• Availability of skilled labour.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located at
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujarat
Answer:
(a) West Bengal

(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre
(a) Nylon
(b) Jute
(c) Acrylic
Answer:
(b) Jute

Question 3.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry.
Answer:

Agro-based industry	Mineral-based industry
Agro-based industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw materials. For example, food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products.	Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as their raw materials. For example, the iron and steel industry, aluminium industry, etc.

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry.
Answer:

Public sector	Joint sector industry
The public sector indus­tries are owned and operated by the govern­ment. For example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.	Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. For example, Maruti Udyog Limited.

Question 4.
Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
Answer:

1. Raw Materials: Iron-ore and Bauxite
2. End product: Tractor and Shirt
3. Tertiary Activities: Banking and Teaching
4. Agro-based Industries: Food-processing and Cotton textile industry
5. Cottage Industries: Basket weaving and pottery
6. Co-operatives: Sudha Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL)

Activity

Question 5.

How to identify a location for establishing an industry Divide your class into groups. Each group is a Board of Directors faced with the problem of choosing a suitable site for an iron and steel plant of Developer Dweep. A team of technical experts has submitted a report with notes and a map. The team considered access to iron ore, coal, water, and limestone, as well as the main market, sources of labour, and port facilities. The team has suggested two sites, X and Y. The Board of Directors has to take the final decision of Where to locate the steel plant.

• Read the report (given on Textbook Page 65) submitted by the team.
• Study the map (given on Textbook Page 64) to find out the distances of the resources from each site.
• Give each resource a weight from 1 to 10, according to its importance. The greater the pull of the factor on the industry the higher the weight from 1 to 10.
• Complete the table below.
• The site with the lowest total should be the most satisfactory site.
• Remember each group of directors can decide differently.

Answer:

Resource	Distance from. X	Distance from Y	Weighting 1-10	Distance X Weight for site X	Distance X Weight for site Y
Iron ore	8 km	2 km	10	8	2
Coal	40 km	30 km	9	5	4
Limestone	20 km	10 km	6	2	4
Water	2 km	2 km	6	3	3
Chief market	40 km	50 km	4.5	2.5	2
Labour supply	40 km	50 km	4.5	2.5	2
			Total =	23	17

The larger the pull, the higher the weighting Since site Y has the lowest total, it is the most satisfactory site.