NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource

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Human Resource NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6

Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource InText Questions and Answers

Activity (Page 63)

Question 1.
Study Fig. 6.1 (given in textbook) and find out: of the world’s total population which continent has
(a) Only 5 percent
(b) Only 13 percent
(c) Only 1 percent
(d) Only 12 percent
Answer:
(a) Only 5 percent – North America
(b) Only 13 percent – Africa
(c) Only 1 percent – Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Island)
(d) Only 12 percent – Europe

Activity (Page 64)

Question 1.
Look at Fig. 6.2 and find out: of these countries how many are in Asia? Colour them on a world map.
Answer:

Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are people considered a resource?
Answer:
People are considered a resource due to their demands, capacities, and capabilities to create new resources.

(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?
Answer:
Causes of uneven distribution of population in the world:

• Geographical causes: Topography, climate, water, minerals, soil.
• Cultural causes: Religion, culture, language, caste, etc.
• Economic causes: Employment opportunities, industries, transport, and communication.

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Answer:
The world population has grown very rapidly because of the development in medical science which has caused a decrease in the death rate. Since lesser people die now of diseases than before, whereas there was no way to decrease the birth rate, the population has increased at a fast rate.

(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.
Answer:
By population composition, we mean the structure of population in respect of age, sex, occupation, religion, language, etc.

(v) What is meant by population composition?
Answer:
A population pyramid is a pictorial way to describe the population composition. The shape of the population pyramid of a country is indicative of a lot of information about the country. The size towards the bottom may be used to estimate the birth rate, while the size towards the top to estimate the death rate.

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a country?
Answer:
(1) Population pyramid is the graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

(2) The shape of the population pyramid help us to know about the people living in that particular country. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years) and reflects the number of deaths. The population pyramid also shows that how many dependents are there in a country.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which does the term population distribution refer to?
(a) How population in a specified area changes over time.
(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.
Answer:
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii) Which are the three main factors that cause population change?
(a) Births, deaths, and marriage.
(b) Births, deaths, and migration.
(c) Births, deaths, and life expectancy.
Answer:
(b) Births, deaths, and migration.

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached
(a) 1 billion
(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
Answer:
(c) 6 billion

(iv) What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.
(b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.
(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.
Answer:
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences below using some of the following words. sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely.
When people are attracted to an area it becomes _________ populated. Factors that influence this include _________ climate, good supplies of _________resources and _________ land.
Answer:
When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate, good supplies of natural resources, and fertile land.

Activity

Question 4.
Discuss the characteristics of society with ‘too many under 15 s’ and one with ‘too few under ’15 s’.
[Hint: the need for schools, pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheelchairs, labour supply, hospitals.]
Answer:
A society with too many under 15s

1. The number of children is more.
2. To provide them education more schools are required.
3. The demand for materials required in schools like blackboards, chalks, tables, benches will be more.
4. The demand for stationery items like pens, pencils, erasers, notebooks, textbooks will be more.
5. More parks are required for them to play.
6. The requirement of teachers will be more.
7. The toy industry needs to be expanded.
8. More children also ensure the supply of young, spirited, and skilled labour supply for the future.

A society with too few under 15s

1. The government needs to invest in the construction of old age homes.
2. For old age people more hospitals, doctors, nurses, medical equipment are required.
3. Pension schemes need to be launched for old age people.